Scribd
Upload
0 views

g33

The document outlines the seven layers of the OSI model, detailing the functions and responsibilities of each layer from the Physical layer to the Application layer. Each layer plays a crucial role in data transmission, error control, session management, and data presentation. The document also lists the group members who contributed to the content.

Uploaded by

Bizuneh getu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0 views

g33

The document outlines the seven layers of the OSI model, detailing the functions and responsibilities of each layer from the Physical layer to the Application layer. Each layer plays a crucial role in data transmission, error control, session management, and data presentation. The document also lists the group members who contributed to the content.

Uploaded by

Bizuneh getu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 10

Layer of OSI model

By group 3
INTRODUCTION
 Physical layer_____________________________________ 1
 Data link layer ____________________________________2
 Network layer______________________________________3
 Transport layer_____________________________________4
 Session layer _______________________________________5
 Presentation layer____________________________________6
 Application layer_____________________________________7
Physical

 Physical
 The first OSI model layer describes the physical connections
between devices in a network. Electrical, optic, or electromagnetic
signal data moves from device to device through the physical
infrastructure defined by this layer.
 Functions of the Physical Layer
 Synchronization of bits
 Performs modulation – converts a signal from one form to another so
that it can be physically transmitted over a communication channel
 It specifies the transmission rate (number of bits sent per second).
 This layer describes the physical network topologies or how different
nodes or devices are arranged in a network (bus, tree, star, mesh,
etc.).
 It specifies the transmission modes or how data flows between the
two connected devices (simplex, half-duplex and full-duplex).
The Data Link Layer
 The Data Link Layer
 The second OSI model layer describes data transmission
between network devices. Data is sent in packets within a
frame of special bit patterns or codes that indicate the
beginning and end of each packet. These packets move
through switches that route information through the
physical layer from one physical location to another.
 Functions of Data Link Layer
 It provides an error control mechanism to detect and retransmit damaged or lost
frames.
 The data link layer performs framing. It receives the stream of bits from the network
layer and divides them into manageable data units called frames.
 After creating frames, it adds physical addresses (MAC addresses) of the sender
and/or receiver in the header of each frame.
 Access control: The MAC sub-layer of the DLL identifies which device has control over
the channel at a time when multiple devices share a single communication channel.
The Network Layer

 The Network Layer


 The third of the OSI layers organizes and transmits data between multiple
networks. Network layer hardware includes routes, bridge routers, 3-layer
switches, and protocols such as Internet (IPv4) Protocol version 4 and
Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6).
 This layer routes data via the shortest or fastest physical path, working
around traffic controls, congestion, broken links, service priority, and more.
It handles addressing logic to distinguish between the source and
destination networks. It divides data into packets to send and then
reassembles them at their destination.
 Functions of the Network Layer
 Routing: The protocols in this layer identify the suitable routes from source to destination.
 Logical Addressing: It describes an addressing scheme to identify each device on the network
uniquely.
The Transport Layer
 The Transport Layer
 This layer deals with sending and delivering of complete and reliable data from one device to
another through a network or between networks. Common transport layer protocols include the
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) for connection-oriented data transmission and the User
Datagram Protocol (UDP) for connectionless data transmission.
 Some of the essential functions in this layer include:
 Error control, flow control, and congestion control are ways to keep track of data packets, check for
errors and duplication, and then to resend if there is an error or failure.
 Service-point addressing ensures that data is delivered to the correct protocol, identified by a port
number.
 Packet segmentation and reassembly are processes for dividing data and sending it sequentially,
then rechecking it at its destination for integrity and accuracy.
 Functions of Transport Layer
 Service-point addressing
 Ensures that each message reaches its destination completely.
 Maintains error and flow control from the source to the destination to ensure proper data
transmission.
 Multiplexing and DE multiplexing
 Segmentation and Reassembly
The Session Layer

 The Session Layer


 This OSI Model layer concerns itself with managing session links
between network devices with a specific beginning and end. The
essential functions include establishing a link to start the session,
authenticating senders and receivers, authorizing communications
between devices and apps, maintaining the session, and
terminating the connection, which are the key functions.
 A common session type is when an internet user visits and
browses a website for a specific period.
 Functions of Session Layer
 Establishes, maintains, and terminates sessions.
 Dialogue Controller: Enables two systems to start communication
with each other in half-duplex or full-duplex.
 Synchronization: It also allows a process to add some checkpoints
into a stream of data
The Presentation Layer

 The Presentation Layer


 Data flows as packets of code, often encrypted, through networks.
Presenting it in a useful format is the focus of the sixth OSI model
layer. The presentation layer deals with:
 Data conversion
 Character code translation
 Data compression
 Encryption and decryption
 Functions of Presentation Layer
 Translation: Translates data based on the application’s syntax or
semantics
 Performs encryption and decryption of sensitive data before they
are transmitted over common channels.
 Compression: Reduces the number of bits contained in the
information to be sent
The Application Layer

 The Application Layer


 The top layer of the OSI 7 layer model is the application layer. It is how a
user application, such as a website, browser, email, instant messaging, file
transfers, or voice-over IP, interfaces with the network. Think of it as the
window for accessing the network to send or display data, which can be
anything from a picture of your pet cat to a database of statistics to a
voice message.
 Functions of Application Layer
 User interfaces (UI)
 Provides compatible support for different services such as e-mail, remote
file transfer, etc.
Group three
 Esayas tsegay
 Selam keleba
 Miheretu katebo
 Fiker tikse
 Tsega bekele

You might also like