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Forensic-4-Chapter-1

The document provides an overview of questioned document examination, defining what constitutes a document and a questioned document, which is one whose authenticity or authorship is in dispute. It outlines common types of questioned documents, the processes involved in their examination, including criminalistic examination and handwriting identification, and emphasizes the importance of expert analysis in legal contexts. The text highlights that forensic questioned document examination applies scientific methods to assess the identity and authenticity of documents in legal proceedings.

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lancechristianpareja
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2 views

Forensic-4-Chapter-1

The document provides an overview of questioned document examination, defining what constitutes a document and a questioned document, which is one whose authenticity or authorship is in dispute. It outlines common types of questioned documents, the processes involved in their examination, including criminalistic examination and handwriting identification, and emphasizes the importance of expert analysis in legal contexts. The text highlights that forensic questioned document examination applies scientific methods to assess the identity and authenticity of documents in legal proceedings.

Uploaded by

lancechristianpareja
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FORENSIC 4

Q U E S T I O NE D D O C U ME N T S E X A MI NAT I O N
INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER 1
W H AT I S A D O C U M E N T ?
• A document is any material which contains marks, signs, or
symbols, which are visible, partially visible or invisible that may
presently or ultimately convey a meaning or message to
someone.

• A document becomes a questioned document when it is being


questioned as to its originality, authorship, source and
genuineness and when it is placed under scrutiny to determine
whether or not it is disputed.
W H AT I S A D O C U M E N T ?
• Pencil or ink typewriting, or printing on paper are the most usual
forms of document.

• Applies to writing, to words printed, lithographed, photographed,


to maps or plans, to seals, plates or even stones in which
inscriptions.

• Plural form means deeds, agreements, contracts, title, letters,


receipts and other documents.
W H AT IS A QUESTIONED
DOCUMENT?
• It is any document about which some issue has been raised or
placed under scrutiny.

• It is a document that has been questioned in whole or in part


with respect to its authenticity, identity, origin, or its relation
among its parts and to other things.

• It is also defined as any signature, handwriting, typewriting, or


other mark whose source or authenticity is in dispute or
doubtful.
W H AT IS A QUESTIONED
DOCUMENT?
• Questioned documents may be disputed or not.

• Not all questioned documents are disputed.


MOST COMMON QUESTIONED
DOCUMENTS
• Checks

• Certificates

• Wills

• Passports

• Licenses

• Money
MOST COMMON QUESTIONED
DOCUMENTS
• Letters

• Contracts

• Suicide Notes

• Receipts

• Even Lottery Tickets


DISPUTED DOCUMENTS
• A term suggesting that there is an argument or controversy over
the document, and strictly speaking this is its true meaning. In
this text, as well as through prior usage, however, disputed
document and questioned document are employed
interchangeably to signify a document that is under special
scrutiny.
W H AT IS QUESTIONED
D O C U M E N T E X A M I N AT I O N ?
• It has been a profession, at least 1870, and it is frequently done
in cases of forgery, counterfeiting, mail, fraud, kidnapping, con
games, embezzlement, gambling, organized crime, white collar
crimes, art crime, theft, robbery, arson, burglary, homicide,
serial number, psychological profiling, and deviant sex crimes.
THE E X A M I N AT I O N OF
QUESTIONED DOCUMENTS
FA L L S I N T O :
1. Criminalistic Examination – for detection of forgeries,
alterations, and obliterations.

2. Handwriting Identification – to find out who is the author of the


writing.
C R I M I N A L I S T I C E X A M I N AT I O N
• is similar also to other laboratory work.

• “An intelligent police investigator can detect 75% of all of his


magnifiers and measuring tools” --- Dr. Wilson Harrison, a noted
British Examiner

• The examination of document in criminalistics laboratory is also


a scientific procedure which can be learned in a very short time.
HANDWRITING
I D E N T I F I C AT I O N
• It is more difficult procedure and requires a long study and experience.

• No person ever writes a letter exactly the same every time.

• The handwriting expert have to learn differences of forms and structures


by a sort of intuition, which is not easy to reduce to a science.

• The police investigator/laboratory criminalist should confine his work to


the detection of forgeries and erasures and leave the identification of
handwriting to a more qualified document expert.
SCIENTIFIC HANDWRITING
E X A M I N AT I O N C O N S I S T S O F:
• 1. Recognition of characteristics (analysis)

• 2. Complete comparison of all characteristics (comparison)

• 3. Correct interpretation of characteristics (evaluation)

• 4. Verification
P ROCESSES IN SCIENTIFIC
M E T H O D O F E X A M I N AT I O N
• Analysis – properties or characteristics are observed, measured,
and determined.

• Comparison – properties/characteristics of the unknown items


determined thru analysis are compared with the familiar or
recorded properties of known items.

• Evaluation – similarities/dissimilarities in property or


characteristics that have certain value for identification are
determined by their likelihood or occurrence.
• Document examination consists largely of comparing questioned
handwriting with known handwriting to determine the writer’s
identity.

• It also includes the examination of hand printing, forgeries, type


writing, inks, papers, incented and eradicated writing, rubber
stamp impressions, charred paper and related items.
• No two people write exactly alike; the writing process is so
complex that personal peculiarities always persist in the
handwriting of any given individual.

• Detailed examination reveals these hidden characteristics which


can the form the basis for an expert’s opinion.
FORENSIC QUESTIONED
D O C U M E N T E X A M I N AT I O N
• means the application of this science to law or court litigations.

• Forensic science uses highly developed technologies to uncover


scientific evidence in a variety of fields.

• It identifies the identity of a document in question

• In courts of law a witness is not allowed to give his opinion about


certain matters unless the court has decided that he has the
necessary fitness to qualify as an expert.
?

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