NIE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Project
Presentation
On

“Automobile Blackbox
System for Accident Analysis”
Team Members Guide
Dr Manjula A V
SAHANA S - 4NN20EC031 Associate Professor
SHRAVANA K - 4NN20EC035 Dept. of ECE
HARSHITHA C - 4NN20EC012 NIEIT, Mysuru.
 Contents
• Introduction
• Problem Statement
• Objective
• Proposed Solution
• Literature Survey
• Block Diagram
• Hardware Requirements
• Software Requirements
• Circuit Diagram and Explanation
• Flowchart
• Advantages
• Applications and Limitations
• Future Scope
• References
 Introduction
• A vehicle black box, commonly referred to as an event data recorder (EDR) or dash cam, serves as a crucial
tool for capturing and storing pertinent information related to a vehicle's operation. Installed within the
vehicle, typically on the dashboard, this compact device records a variety of data points, acceleration, and
steering movements.

• The primary purpose of a vehicle black box is to provide an unbiased and comprehensive account of driving
behaviour. In the event of an accident or unforeseen incident, the recorded data becomes invaluable for
insurance claims, law enforcement investigations, and enhancing overall road safety.

• The functionality of a vehicle black box extends beyond mere documentation, as it contributes to fostering
responsible driving habits and accountability. These devices often feature advanced technologies, such as
GPS tracking and impact sensors, further enhancing their utility.

• Beyond individual drivers, businesses with fleet vehicles find black boxes instrumental in monitoring and
managing their vehicles efficiently. The widespread adoption of these devices signifies a shift towards
leveraging technology to enhance road safety, streamline accident investigations, and ultimately contribute to
a more secure and informed driving environment.
 Problem Statement

• Design and implement a vehicle black box system that records and analyses real-time data from a
vehicle's sensors, including GPS location, acceleration, alcohol consumption of driver, and vehicle
temperature . The system should provide detailed trip logs, and alert notifications for unusual
driving behavior, and facilitate easy retrieval of data for accident analysis or insurance claims.
Consider user-friendly interfaces for both drivers and administrators, ensuring data security and
compliance with privacy regulations.
 Objective
• Accident Data Collection: Capture and store crucial data during accidents, providing a detailed
record of events for insurance claims and accident investigations.

• Emergency Response Support: Enable quick response in emergencies by automatically

transmitting location data and crash information to emergency services, facilitating timely
assistance.

• GPS Tracking: Incorporate GPS functionality for real-time tracking, enabling businesses to
optimize route planning, monitor vehicle location, and enhance logistics.

• Data Privacy Measures: Implement robust data privacy features to ensure that sensitive
information is securely stored and accessed only in accordance with relevant regulations and user
permissions.

• Insurance Premium Reduction: Encourage safe driving habits and responsible behavior, potentially
leading to lower insurance premiums for individuals and businesses utilizing vehicle black boxes.
 Proposed Solution

• The proposed system is designed such that, the device itself sends a message to the concerned
person when an accident is met. The proposed system uses an ESP32 microcontroller that provides
easy access to input/output and analog pins and easy burning/uploading of a program. For it, we
are connecting the MEMS sensor which will detect the accidents. An alcohol sensor is used to
detect whether the person has consumed alcohol or not. Whenever the accidents occur GSM will
send the message to the respective Hospitals or family members with location. An ultrasonic
sensor is used to detect the objectives.
 Literature Survey
Ref-Year of Article title Key findings
Publication

2022 Automatic vehicle accident The current paper presents a review

detection and messaging system about the vehicle accident detection
using GPS and GSM and assembly
programming.

2023 Wireless Black box system The paper discusses on successful

development of Black box system using
MEMS Sensor to monitor the accident.

2021 Vehicle Black Box System Paper discusses the new vision for the
vehicle industry, which is black box
system and collision avoidance
system.

2020 Vehicle wireless system for Paper represents about the design and
accident detection implementation an efficient vehicle
accident detection and reporting using
accelerometers and GPS.
Block Diagram
 Hardware Requirements
• ESP32 Microcontroller – At the heart of the system, the ESP32 serves as the central processing unit
and communication hub. Its versatility allows for seamless integration with other components, making it the
brain of the entire setup. It is an integrated antenna and RF balun, power amplifier, low-noise amplifiers,
filters, and power management module. The entire solution takes up the least amount of printed circuit board
area. This board is used with 2.4 GHz dual-mode Wi-Fi and Bluetooth chips by TSMC 40nm low power
technology, power and RF properties best, which is safe, reliable, and scaleable to a variety of applications

Fig.1 ESP32 Microcontroller

• LCD I2C - A 16x2 LCD implies 16 characters can be shown per line and 2 such lines exist. Each
character is shown in a lattice of 5x7 pixels in this LCD. There are two registers in this LCD, in particular
Command and Data. The directions given to the LCD are put away by the order register. An order is a
direction given to LCD to play out a predefined assignment, for example, introducing it, clearing its screen,
setting the situation of the cursor, controlling presentation, and so forth. The information register will store
the information that will be shown on the LCD. The information is the character's ASCII incentive to show on
the LCD

Fig.2 LCD I2C

• DS18B20 Temperature Sensor - The digital temperature sensor like DS18B20 follows single
wire protocol and it can be used to measure temperature in the range of -67oF to +257oF or -55oC to +125oC
with +-5% accuracy. The range of received data from the 1-wire can range from 9-bit to 12-bit. Because, this
sensor follows the single wire protocol, and the controlling of this can be done through an only pin of
Microcontroller. This is an advanced level protocol, where each sensor can be set with a 64-bit serial code
which aids to control numerous sensors using a single pin of the microcontroller.

Fig.3 Temperature Sensor

• MEMS Sensor - MEMS are low-cost, and high accuracy inertial sensors and these are used to serve an
extensive range of industrial applications. This sensor uses a chip-based technology namely microelectro-
mechanical-system. These sensors are used to detect as well as measure the external stimulus like pressure,
after that it responds to the pressure which is measured pressure with the help of some mechanical actions.
The best examples of this mainly include revolving of a motor for compensating the pressure change. This
small and highly sensitive accelerometer can detect acceleration, inclination and vibration by measuring the
motion in the x-, y-, and z-axis simultaneously. The MEMS 3-axis accelerometer consists of a Mass at the
centre of the sensor’s chip, which is suspended by 4 Beams doped with Piezo resistive material.

Fig.4 MEMS Sensor

• Alcohol Sensor - The MQ3 sensor is one of the most widely used in the MQ sensor series. It is a MOS
(Metal Oxide Semiconductor) sensor. Metal oxide sensors are also known as Chemiresistors because sensing
is based on the change in resistance of the sensing material when exposed to alcohol. The MQ3 is a heater-
driven sensor. It is therefore covered with two layers of fine stainless steel mesh known as an “anti-explosion
network”. It ensures that the heater element inside the sensor does not cause an explosion because we are
sensing flammable gas (alcohol). It also protects the sensor and filters out suspended particles, allowing only
gaseous elements to pass through the chamber.

Fig.5 Alcohol Sensor

• Ultrasonic Sensor - An ultrasonic sensor is an instrument that measures the distance to an object
using ultrasonic sound waves. Ultrasonic sensors work by sending out a sound wave at a frequency above the
range of human hearing. The transducer of the sensor acts as a microphone to receive and send the ultrasonic
sound. Our ultrasonic sensors, like many others, use a single transducer to send a pulse and to receive the
echo. The sensor determines the distance to a target by measuring time lapses between the sending and
receiving of the pulses.

Fig.6 Ultrasonic Sensor

• L293D Motor Driver - A motor driver is an integrated circuit chip which is usually used to control
motors in autonomous robots. Motor driver act as an interface between Arduino and the motors. These ICs
are designed to control 2 DC motors simultaneously. L293D consist of two H-bridge. H- bridge is the
simplest circuit for controlling a low current rated motor. We will be referring the motor driver IC as L293D
only. L293D has 16 pins. The L293D is a 16 pin IC, with eight pins, on each side, dedicated to the controlling
of a motor. There are 2 INPUT pins, 2 OUTPUT pins and 1 ENABLE pin for each motor.

Fig.7 L293D Motor Driver

• DC Motor - DC motors include two key components: a stator and an armature. The stator is the
stationary part of a motor, while the armature rotates. In a DC motor, the stator provides a rotating magnetic
field that drives the armature to rotate. A simple DC motor uses a stationary set of magnets in the stator, and a
coil of wire with a current running through it to generate an electromagnetic field aligned with the centre of
the coil. One or more windings of insulated wire are wrapped around the core of the motor to concentrate the
magnetic field.

Fig.8 DC Motor
• GSM GSM is a mobile communication modem; it is stands for global system for mobile communication
(GSM). The idea of GSM was developed at Bell Laboratories in 1970. It is widely used mobile
communication system in the world. GSM is an open and digital cellular technology used for transmitting
mobile voice and data services operates at the 850MHz, 900MHz, 1800MHz and 1900MHz frequency bands.
GSM system was developed as a digital system using time division multiple access (TDMA) technique for
communication purpose. A GSM digitizes and reduces the data, then sends it down through a channel with
two different streams of client data, each in its own particular time slot.

Fig.9 GSM Modem

• GPS - Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based system that uses satellites and ground stations
to measure and compute its position on Earth. GPS is also known as Navigation System with Time and
Ranging (NAVSTAR) GPS. GPS receiver needs to receive data from at least 4 satellites for accuracy purpose.
GPS receiver does not transmit any information to the satellites. GPS receiver uses a constellation of satellites
and ground stations to calculate accurate location wherever it is located. These GPS satellites transmit
information signal over radio frequency (1.1 to 1.5 GHz) to the receiver.

Fig.10 GPS
 Software Requirements

• Visual Studio code

Circuit Diagram
 Explanation

• GSM (TX, RX): The GSM module's transmit (TX) and receive (RX) pins are connected to the ESP32 pins 12 and 14,

respectively. This establishes a communication link between the ESP32 and the GSM module, enabling data exchange for

sending messages or alerts.

• LCD (SDA, SCL): The Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) module's serial data line (SDA) and serial clock line (SCL) are

connected to the ESP32 pins 33 and 36, respectively. This connection allows the ESP32 to communicate with the LCD,

facilitating the display of realtime information on the screen.

• Dallas Temperature Sensor (Data Pin): The data pin of the Dallas Temperature Sensor is connected to the ESP32 pin 9. This

enables the ESP32 to read temperature data from the sensor, providing insights into the engine's temperature.

• Alcohol Sensor (D0): The Alcohol Sensor's digital output pin (D0) is connected to the ESP32 GPIO 15. This connection allows

the ESP32 to receive signals indicating the presence or absence of alcohol in the breath of the driver.
• MEMS (SDA, SCL): The MEMS Sensor's serial data line (SDA) and serial clock line (SCL) are connected to the
ESP32 pins 4 and 5, respectively. This establishes a communication link, enabling the ESP32 to receive data from
the MEMS Sensor, such as tilt or acceleration information.

• GPS (TX, RX): The GPS module's transmit (TX) and receive (RX) pins are connected to the ESP32 RX and TX
pins, respectively. This connection allows the ESP32 to receive location data from the GPS module, enabling
accurate tracking of the vehicle's position.

• Ultrasonic Sensor (Trig, Echo): The Ultrasonic Sensor's trigger (Trig) and echo (Echo) pins are connected to the
ESP32 GPIO 34 and 35, respectively. This connection allows the ESP32 to trigger ultrasonic pulses and measure
the time taken for the echo to determine distances, facilitating obstacle detection.

• Motor Driver (M1, M2, M3, M4): The Motor Driver's motor control pins (M1, M2, M3, M4) are connected to the
ESP32 pins 25, 26, 32, and 33, respectively. These connections enable the ESP32 to control the movement of the
vehicle by regulating the motor driver.

These pin connections establish a communication and control network between the ESP32 and the various
components, allowing for data exchange, sensor readings, and control signals to enhance the overall functionality of
Flow Chart
 Advantages
1. Quick Location fix of accident, ambulance service to save lives: The key point was to reduce the time it takes
for an ambulance to arrive at the location of the crash incident. This idea can act as a rescue infrastructure for all
road vehicles such devices can be made mandatory for at least commercial vehicles such as Busses and Trucks
which has a higher risk of accidents due to the higher travelling distance and more payloads.

2. Detection and mitigation of frequent points of accidents: Over a period of time and with enough crash
locations, the frequent points of incidents can be identified. With the aid of iRAP those sections of roads can be
reconstructed to resolve the issue.

3. Increased and accurate reporting of road accidents: Since the device is free of human intervention, the
accidents can be instantly registered providing a more accurate overview of the number of accidents happening
on the road. This will also contribute to the National Road Traffic Accident Report.

4. Insurance claims: The data from backboxes can be used in insurances claims to determine fault and assess the
extent of damages. This can streamline the claim process and provide more accurate assessments.
 Application and Limitations
• Application
1. Used in automotives and transport vehicles- from lighter vehicles like cars, to heavier automotives like aero-planes.

2. Security and remote monitoring of vehicles especially during military operations.

3. This system is also can be interfaced with Vehicle airbag system such that when the sensors detect the accident, the air bags get opened.

• Limitation
1. Privacy concerns: Black box systems record detailed data about driving behavior, which raises concerns about privacy invasion and
potential misuse of the data.

2. Data accuracy: The accuracy of the data collected by black box systems can be affected by various factors such as sensor

malfunctions, environmental conditions, and technical errors.

3. Limited data coverage: Black box systems may not capture all relevant information during an incident, such as external factors
contributing to accidents or context-specific details.

4. Data retrieval challenges: Retrieving data from black box systems can be difficult and may require specialized equipment or
expertise, especially in cases of damage or malfunction.
 Future Scope
1. The system can be made crash proof by providing casing to various sensors so that the sensors can be
protected. The sensors can also be made fire proof by making the casings with the help of titanium or
stainless steel.

2. The present system can be improvised for checking other parameters like fuel levels, tyre pressure,
braking system and working of headlights before starting the vehicles.

3. In future we can interface the system with vehicle airbag system. This will optimize the proposed
technology to the maximum extent and deliver the best accident detection system.

4. This system can be improvised by adding other components which will be able to collect several
information such as recording the voice, recording the video, to detect the part of the vehicle where it
is hit.
 References
1. Abdallah Kassem, Rabih Jabr, Ghady Salamouni and Ziad Khairallah Maalouf, “Vehicle Black Box
System”, IEEE International Systems Conference, April 2008.
2. P. Ajay Kumar Reddy, P.Dileep Kumar, K. Bhaskarreddy, E. Venkataramana and M.Chandrasekhar
Reddy, “Black Box For Vehicles”, International Journal of Engineering Inventions (IJEI), Volume 1,
Issue 7, October 2012
3. Sri Krishna Chaitanya Varma, Poornesh, Tarun Varma and Harsha , “Automatic Vehicle Accident
Detection And Messaging System Using GPS and GSM Modems”, International Journal of Scientific
& Engineering Research (IJSER), Volume 4, Issue 8, August 2013
4. Shaik Khadar Basha and P Sireesh Babu , “Wireless Black Box Report for Tracking of Accidental
Monitoring In Vehicles”, International Journal Of Professional Engineering Studies
(IJPRES),Volume 1, Issue 2, Dec 2013
5. Rajashri R. Lokhande and Sachin P. Gawate, “Design & Implementation of Vehicle Black Box For
Driver Assistance And Alert”, IOSR Journal of Computer Science (IOSR-JCE), 2014