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Basic of Physics

The document provides an overview of basic physics concepts, including definitions of matter, energy, force, and the laws of motion. It covers various branches of physics such as gravitation, waves, electricity, magnetism, light, optics, and thermodynamics. Additionally, it details kinematics, focusing on parameters like displacement, distance, speed, velocity, acceleration, and time.

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zafarkhan66877
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4 views

Basic of Physics

The document provides an overview of basic physics concepts, including definitions of matter, energy, force, and the laws of motion. It covers various branches of physics such as gravitation, waves, electricity, magnetism, light, optics, and thermodynamics. Additionally, it details kinematics, focusing on parameters like displacement, distance, speed, velocity, acceleration, and time.

Uploaded by

zafarkhan66877
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Physics Basic

Concepts
Presented by: Dr. Mehran Khan
Definition
Physics, science that deals with the structure of matter
and the interactions between the fundamental
constituents of the observable universe
Branches of Physics
Matter
• Definition: Anything that has mass and occupies space.
• States: Solid, liquid, gas, and plasma.
Energy
• Definition: The ability to do work.
Forms of Energy:
• Kinetic energy (motion)
• Potential energy (stored energy)
• Thermal energy (heat)
• Electrical energy
• Nuclear energy
Force

• Definition: A push or pull that causes an object to move, stop, or


change direction.
• Unit: Newton (N).
• Types of Forces:
• Gravitational force
• Electromagnetic force
• Frictional force
• Tension
Laws of Motion (Newton's Laws)

1.First Law (Inertia): An object at rest stays at rest, and an object in


motion stays in motion unless acted upon by a force.
2.Second Law: F=maF = maF=ma (Force equals mass times
acceleration).
3.Third Law: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
Gravitation

Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation: Every mass attracts every


other mass with a force proportional to their masses and inversely
proportional to the square of the distance between them. ​
Waves

Definition: Disturbances that transfer energy from one place to another.


Types:
• Mechanical waves (require a medium, e.g., sound waves).
• Electromagnetic waves (do not require a medium, e.g., light waves).
Electricity and Magnetism

• Electricity: The flow of electric charge.


• Magnetism: The force exerted by magnets when they attract or repel
each other.
• Ohm's Law: V=IRV = IRV=IR (Voltage equals current times
resistance).
Light and Optics

• Reflection: Bouncing back of light from a surface.


• Refraction: Bending of light as it passes from one medium to another.
• Lenses and Mirrors: Tools that focus or spread light.
Thermodynamics

Laws of Thermodynamics:
• Energy cannot be created or destroyed.
• Heat flows from hot to cold.
Kinematics and its parameters in detail
Kinematics is a branch of physics that studies the motion of objects
without considering the forces causing the motion. It focuses on
parameters such as displacement, velocity, acceleration, and time.
Displacement
• Definition: The shortest distance between an object's initial and final
position, considering direction.
• Scalar or Vector: Vector (has both magnitude and direction).
• Unit: Meter (m).
Distance
• The total path length covered by an object, irrespective of direction.
• Scalar or Vector: Scalar (has only magnitude).
• Unit: Meter (m)
Speed
The rate at which an object covers distance.
• Unit: Meters per second (m/s).
Velocity

The rate of change of displacement with respect to time.


• Unit: Meters per second (m/s).
Acceleration
The rate of change of velocity with respect to time.
Meters per second squared (m/sec²).
Time
The duration in which motion occurs.
Unit: Second (s).
Importance: All kinematic equations relate displacement, velocity, and
acceleration to time

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