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Physics 2 2.1 SHM

The document covers the fundamentals of Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM), including definitions, key concepts such as displacement, amplitude, frequency, and energy transformations. It explains the role of restoring forces, particularly Hooke's Law, and provides examples to illustrate calculations related to spring constants, oscillation amplitude, and mechanical energy conservation. Additionally, it discusses the behavior of mass-spring systems at various points in their motion.

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9 views21 pages

Physics 2 2.1 SHM

The document covers the fundamentals of Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM), including definitions, key concepts such as displacement, amplitude, frequency, and energy transformations. It explains the role of restoring forces, particularly Hooke's Law, and provides examples to illustrate calculations related to spring constants, oscillation amplitude, and mechanical energy conservation. Additionally, it discusses the behavior of mass-spring systems at various points in their motion.

Uploaded by

tristanangello.catap
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PHYSICS 72 – ELEMENTARY PHYSICS II

2.1
Waves

Introduction to
Simple Harmonic
2.2 Motion
Objectives
define and identify the condition for simple harmonic
motion

recognize displacement, amplitude, frequency, and


period in simple harmonic motion

explain energy transformations in simple harmonic


motion

explain how force, velocity, and acceleration change


as an object undergoes simple harmonic motion.

Introduction to Simple Harmonic Motion 2


Mass on a spring

Introduction to Simple Harmonic Motion 3


Mass on a spring

Introduction to Simple Harmonic Motion 4


Periodic motion
 repeated motion over the same path, with each oscillation
taking the same amount of time

Introduction to Simple Harmonic Motion 5


Simple harmonic motion
 when a restoring force is responsible for the periodic motion
 the restoring force is opposite and directly proportional to the
body’s displacement

Introduction to Simple Harmonic Motion 6


Hooke’s Law
restoring force displacement of
exerted by an the object from
ideal spring on equilibrium
an object position
𝐹 =− 𝑘 𝑥
spring
constant

Introduction to Simple Harmonic Motion 7


Restoring force
Mass at maximum displacement

𝐹 =− 𝑘𝑥

at max displacement, or

𝐹 =± 𝑘𝐴

with ,

𝑚𝑎=±𝑘𝐴 𝑎=±
𝑘𝐴
𝑚
Introduction to Simple Harmonic Motion 8
Restoring force
Mass at equilibrium position
𝐹 =− 𝑘𝑥

at equilibrium position, 𝑥=0

𝑭 =𝟎

with ,

𝑚𝑎=0 𝑎= 0

Introduction to Simple Harmonic Motion 9


Restoring force
Mass at intermediate points

𝑭 =− 𝒌𝒙

with ,

𝑚𝑎=±𝑘𝑥 𝑎= ±
𝑘𝑥
𝑚

Introduction to Simple Harmonic Motion 10


Important quantities
 Amplitude
 cycle
 Period
 Frequency
 Displacement
 Angular frequency

𝜔=2 𝜋 𝑓

Introduction to Simple Harmonic Motion 11


Important quantities
 Amplitude
 cycle
 Period
 Frequency
 Displacement
 Angular frequency

𝜔=2 𝜋 𝑓

Introduction to Simple Harmonic Motion 12


Example
A spring stretches 0.150 m when a 0.300 kg mass is gently
suspended from it. The spring is then set up horizontally with
the 0.300 kg mass resting on a frictionless table. The mass is
then pulled so that the spring is stretched 0.100 m from the
equilibrium point, and released from rest. Determine: (a) the
spring constant; (b) the amplitude of the horizontal oscillation;
(c) magnitude of the maximum acceleration

Introduction to Simple Harmonic Motion 13


Example
If an object on a horizontal, frictionless surface is attached to a
spring, displaced, and then released, it will oscillate. If it is
displaced 0.120 m from its equilibrium position and released
with zero initial speed, then after 0.800 s its displacement is
found to be 0.120 m on the opposite side, and it has passed
the equilibrium position once during this interval. Find: (a) the
amplitude A; (b) the period T; (c) the frequency f.

Introduction to Simple Harmonic Motion 14


Example
Consider the mass on Figure 2 oscillating on a frictionless
surface at the end of a horizontal spring. Where, if anywhere,
is the acceleration of the mass (i) zero? (ii) maximum?

a. At
b. At
c. At
d. At both and
e. Nowhere

Introduction to Simple Harmonic Motion 15


Mechanical energy
 The force of a spring on an object is a conservative force
and so the total mechanical energy (ME) of the spring-mass
system is conserved.

𝑀𝐸=𝐾 +𝑈 =𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡

1 1
𝐾 = 𝑚 𝑣2 𝑈 = 𝑘 𝑥2
2 2

1 1
𝑀𝐸= 𝑚 𝑣 2 + 𝑘 𝑥 2 =𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡
2 2

Introduction to Simple Harmonic Motion 16


Mechanical energy
Mass at maximum displacement

1 1
𝑀𝐸= 𝑚 𝑣 2 + 𝑘 𝑥 2 =𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡
2 2

at max displacement, or
2 2
→𝑥 = 𝐴

also, the mass momentarily stops at the maximum displacement before it


changes direction, thus,
𝑣 =0

𝟏 𝟐
𝑴𝑬 = 𝒌𝑨
𝟐
Introduction to Simple Harmonic Motion 17
Mechanical energy
Mass at equilibrium position

1 1
𝑀𝐸= 𝑚 𝑣 2 + 𝑘 𝑥 2 =𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡
2 2

at equilibrium position, 𝑥=0

with no potential energy, and since ME is conserved, all its energy is


converted to kinetic energy

𝑣 =𝑣 𝑚𝑎𝑥

𝟏 𝟐
𝑴𝑬 = 𝒎 𝒗 𝒎𝒂𝒙
𝟐
Introduction to Simple Harmonic Motion 18
Mechanical energy
Mass at intermediate points

1 1
𝑀𝐸= 𝑚 𝑣 2 + 𝑘 𝑥 2 =𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡
2 2

𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 𝟐
𝑴𝑬 = 𝒎𝒗 + 𝒌 𝒙
𝟐 𝟐

Introduction to Simple Harmonic Motion 19


Mechanical energy

Introduction to Simple Harmonic Motion 20


Example
A body is moving in SHM. For each given position, x, complete
the table by identifying whether the velocity, v, acceleration, a,
restoring force, F, kinetic energy, K, and potential energy, U,
has a value of either maximum, minimum or zero. For v, a, and
F, indicate the direction by using negative or a positive sign.

Introduction to Simple Harmonic Motion 21

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