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Chapter 1. Introduction to Computer

The document provides an introduction to computers, detailing their definition, characteristics, types, applications, and social impacts. Key characteristics include accuracy, speed, reliability, automation, and versatility, while types range from personal computers to supercomputers. The document also discusses the positive and negative social impacts of computers, highlighting their efficiency and data processing capabilities alongside issues like high costs and data security threats.

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2 views

Chapter 1. Introduction to Computer

The document provides an introduction to computers, detailing their definition, characteristics, types, applications, and social impacts. Key characteristics include accuracy, speed, reliability, automation, and versatility, while types range from personal computers to supercomputers. The document also discusses the positive and negative social impacts of computers, highlighting their efficiency and data processing capabilities alongside issues like high costs and data security threats.

Uploaded by

farazktkkhan4455
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Outli

Chapter 1: Computer nes


Characteristics
Introduction Types
to Computer Applications
Social Impact
Computer – An Introduction
 What is Computer?
• Derived from the Latin word “Computare”, i.e. to compute.
• A programmed device with a set of instructions to perform specific tasks and
generate results at a high speed.

• Four basic components.


 Input devices
 Output devices
 Memory
 CPU

2
Characteristics of Computer
 Accuracy
• Every calculation should be
performed with the same accuracy.

• High degree of accuracy.


• Any inaccuracy is the result of
inaccurate data.

 Speed
• Modern computers run millions and
billions of instructions in a second.

• Even the slowest computers should


perform calculations much faster
than humans.

3
Characteristics of Computer
 Reliability
• High speed.
• Provided accurate data, it should output correct data.
• Results should be reliable.

 Automation
• To be able to schedule tasks to be performed without human intervention.
• Procedures that are executed one after another in an automated manner.

 Diligence
• Free from tiredness.
• No fatigue.
• No lack of concentration.

4
Characteristics of Computer
 Versatility
• Should be able to be used in multiple areas:
 Scientific research
 Medicine
 Multimedia
 Astronomy
 Agriculture and many more.

 Memory
• Stores huge amounts of data, from GBs to hundreds of TBs

 AI and Decision Making


• Modern computers can imitate human intelligence and can perform intelligent
decision making alongside logical and arithmetic operations.
• AI is applied in robotics, gaming, medicine, scientific research and more.
5
Types of Computer
 Personal Computer
• Also called PC or desktop computer.
• Screen separated from the case containing mother
board and power supply.
• Mouse, keyboard and other external peripherals.
• Several categories including:
 Tower model
 Desktop model
 Laptop and Notebook
 Tablet
 Hybrid computer
 Personal digital assistant (PDA) and more.
 Embedded Computer
• A small computer device built into another
device, e.g. the computer embedded in an ATM
machine.

6
Types of Computer
 Wearable Computer
• Computer devices strapped to human body, e.g.
 Smart watches
 Devices used for augmented memory
 Devices used for immediate access to important
data.
 Devices used to take notes.

 Microcomputer
• A standard personal computer
• Consists of CPU, RAM, Modem, sound card
and video card etc.

7
Types of Computer
 Server Computer
• Run server software to respond to clients.
• Powerful, capable of responding to several clients.

 Mainframe Computer
• Powerful computers
• Multiple user interfaces
• Reliability, availability, serviceability.
• Applied where processes are to be done
with no downtime.

8
Types of Computer
 Super Computer
• A very powerful computer or a collection of several computers acting as a single
computer.
• Very powerful.
• Used to solve problems where the primary constraint is processing speed.
• Used in nuclear research, weather forecasting and more.

9
Applications of Computer
Computer has evolved as a mean of solving various problems in human society.
From the earliest form of computer to modern day supercomputer, it has affected
the society in several ways. Computer is in use in various fields that include:
 Management
 Banking
 Industry
 Engineering
 Satellite
 Astronomy
 Travelling
 Traffic control
 Medicine
 Research

10
Social Impact of Computer Age
 Positive Impacts
• Very Fast and efficient data processing in small time.
• Large storage within a small place.
• Multi-tasking and multi-processing.
• Easy access to data.
• Security and privacy to sensitive data.
• Results with no or less errors.
 Negative Impacts
• Highly expensive hardware and software.
• Highly skillful individuals required to operate a system.
• Rise in unemployment.
• Damage to storage devices causes huge data loss.
• Several threats to data security.
• Rapidly changing technology.

11
References

 Ali, R. & Ali, A. (2018). Chapter 1: Introduction to Computer. Introduction


to Computer and ICT – 1st Edition (pp. 1-20). Mahla Jangi, Qissa
Khawani, Peshawar, Pakistan: Al-ilum Publications.

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