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11 Analysis of Variance

The document provides an overview of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), explaining its purpose in evaluating mean differences among multiple treatments or populations. It details the types of ANOVA, including One-Way and Two-Way ANOVA, and illustrates the process through a hypothesis testing example involving the effect of color on learning. The conclusion indicates that significant differences were found between the means of the groups tested.

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bundalianjasminrose18
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21 views19 pages

11 Analysis of Variance

The document provides an overview of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), explaining its purpose in evaluating mean differences among multiple treatments or populations. It details the types of ANOVA, including One-Way and Two-Way ANOVA, and illustrates the process through a hypothesis testing example involving the effect of color on learning. The conclusion indicates that significant differences were found between the means of the groups tested.

Uploaded by

bundalianjasminrose18
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Analysis of

Variance
(ANOVA)
Intended Learning Outcomes
▪At the end of the chapter, the students should be able to:
1. Understand the concept and principles of the Analysis of
Variance
2. Identify and supply the needed data in the tabular format
according to ANOVA’s specification
3. Produce sound decision and conclusion based on the data
One hypothesis testing procedures that is used to
evaluate mean difference between two or more
treatments (or population)
An inferential procedure that uses sample data
as the basis for drawing general conclusions
about population
Seems like t-test but t-test is limited to situations
in which there are only two treatments to
ANOVA compare
ANOVA can be used to compare two or more
treatments

Provides researchers with much greater flexibility


in designing experiments and interpreting results
▪To determine whether the mean
differences observed among the
samples provide enough
Goal of ANOVA evidence to conclude that there
are differences in the mean
among the three populations
One-Way ANOVA
▪Single-factor ANOVA
▪Used when the researcher seeks to make comparisons among
three, four, five or more groups
▪F test – a parametric test used to compare more than two
independent samples
Two-Way ANOVA
▪Independent-Groups ANOVA/ Factoral ANOVA
▪Used to look at the differences between two or more
independent groups on two independent variables and one
dependent variable
Example:
A professor wanted to find out if color affects amount of
learning. 13 students were randomly selected and placed in 2
groups of 6 and 7 students, respectively, per group. Each
group was placed in a room with a particular color (pink and
green). They studied a material for two hours. Rest of 15
minutes was given and then a test was administered. Test the
hypothesis that color has no effect on the amount learned.
ANOVA Table
Source of SS df Variance F-ratio
Variation Estimate
(Mean Square)

Between SSB dfB = K - 1 SB2 = SSB F = SB 2


Groups dfB _____

SW2

Within Groups SSW dfW = NT - K SW2 = SSW


dfW

Total SST dfT = NT - 1


Frequency Table
x1 (Pink) x2 (Green) x12 x22
11 18 121 324
9 19 81 361
8 15 64 225
8 12 64 144
7 10 49 100
5 8 25 64
8 64
∑x1 = 48 ∑x2 = 90 ∑x12 = 404 ∑x22 = 1282
Ẋ1 = 8 Ẋ2 = 12.86
Hypothesis
Ho : There is no significant difference between the mean scores
of each group ( )
Ha : There is a significant difference between the mean scores
of each group
Step 1: Find SST
SST = ∑xT2 - (∑xT)2 ∑xT2 = ∑x12 + ∑x22
_____ = 404 + 1282
NT = 1686
= 1686 – (138)2
_______ ∑xT = ∑x1 + ∑x2
13 = 48 + 90
= 1686 – 1464.92 = 138

SST = 221.08 NT = N 1 + N 2
=6+7
= 13
Step 2: Find SSW
SSW = SS1 + SS2 SS1 = ∑x12 – (∑x1)2 SS2 = ∑x22 – (∑x2)2
_______ _______

= 20 + 124.86 N1 N2

SSW = 144.86 = 404 – (48)2 = 1282 – (90)2


____ ____
6 7

= 404 – 384 = 1282- 1157.14

SS1 = 20 SS2 = 124.86


Step 3: Get SSB
SSB = SST - SSW

= 221.08 – 144.86

SSB = 76.22
Step 4: Compute for the df
dfB = K -1 dfW = NT – K dfT = NT – 1
= 2 -1 = 13 – 2 = 13 – 1
=1 = 11 = 12
Step 5: Solve for Variance Estimates
SB2 = SSB SW2 = SSW
____ ____

dfB dfW

= 76.22 = 144.86
1 11

= 76.22 = 13.169
Step 6: Compute for the F ratio
F = S B2
_____

SW2
= 76.22
13.169
= 5.79
Step 7: Locate
for the Ftv

Fcv = 5.79
Ftv = 4.84
Decision Rule
If the Fcv is greater than the Ftv, reject the null hypothesis;
otherwise, accept the null hypothesis
Conclusion
Since the Fcv is greater than the Ftv at 0.05 level of significance,
the null hypothesis is rejected, which means that there is a
significant difference between the means of the two groups.

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