Lesson 3
Text and
context
connections
Claims in
Written
Texts
Objective
By the end of this lesson, you
are expected to:
1.Identify claims explicitly and
implicitly made
in a written text
a.) Claim of Fact
b.) Claim of Policy
c.) Claim of Value
Objectives
Lesso
Textn 3.1
and context
connections
Claims in a Written
Text
Critical
reading
- enables to
distinguish the
explicit and implicit
information
provided by the
author
Two Kinds
of
informatio
n
Explicit
informati
on
• information
that is clearly
stated in the
text.
• direct
Implicit
informati
on
• ideas
suggested in
the text but
not directly
stated.
• indirect
Claims
• state the point or
position of an author
regarding a certain topic
• claim statement is
further proven by
supporting details from
various resources and
reliable evidence
Tiongson (2016) gave
the following
characteristics of good
claims:
1. A claim should be
argumentative and
debatable.
2. A claim should be
specific and focused.
3. A claim should be
interesting and
engaging.
So, what
are the
types of
claims?
0
1
Claim of Fact
Claim of fact
• pieces of information which
are grounded on reliable
authority such as science
and history
• relates to statements that
can easily verified and not
dependent on a person’s
preferences
• are often qualified by such
Claim of fact
Is it debatable?
Is it verifiable? Is
it specific? Can it
be solved
objectively?
Types of factual claims
(generally “objective”)
● Factual/
historical
● Relational –
causal
connections
● Predictive
proof requires:
✓ sufficient and appropriate
grounds
✓ reliable authority
✓ recent data
✓ accurate, typical data
✓ clearly defined terms – no
loaded language
✓ a clear distinction between
Examples of
1.
claims of fact
The oldest known disease in the
world is leprosy.
2. Generally, obesity causes health
problems.
3. Neil Armstrong was the first man to
step on the moon.
4. The first Mindanaoan President is
Rodrigo Duterte.
0
2
Claim of Policy
Claim of policy
• calls for some form of action
• states what the reader should or
ought to do about a particular
situation/topic
• specific policies should be instituted
as solutions to problems
• “should” or “ought to do” or
“must” are included in this claim
• specific statements on procedures or
proof requires:
✓ making proposed action
(clear)
✓ need (justification)
✓ plan (must be workable)
✓ benefit (advantages)
✓ consider
opposition/counter
Example of a
Claim of policy
To attract more
non-traditional
students, this
college must
review and
Examples of
1. claims
The ofsuspend
mayor should policythe
classes today.
2. You must send your children to public
schools.
3. The government should legalize
medicinal marijuana.
4. The Boy Scouts should not have to
include gay scout leaders.
0
3
Claim of Value
Claim of value
• involve judgments and
evaluations
• refers to statements that appeal to a
person’s taste and morals or the sense
of what’s good and what’s bad
• weighs the values according to which
is more desirable
• deals with topics concerning moral,
philosophical, or aesthetic aspects
proof requires:
✓ establishing standards of evaluation
(i.e. a warrant that defines what
constitutes instances of the relevant
value)
✓ note the priority of the value in this
instance
✓ establish the advantage (practical or
moral) of your standards
Example of a Claim
of Value
Honesty is the
best policy.
Examples of
1.
claims of value
It is better to be feared than
loved.
2. Cheating is not good.
3. Gay marriage is immoral
4. Buying a house is a lot better
than building it.
5. Rock music sucks.
6. The government is doing a great
Check this out!
Claim of Claim of Claim of
Fact
Generally, valueis
Facebook policy
Facebook must be
Facebook received better than doing well
most visits than Twitter and considering the
Twitter and Instagram. number of visitors
Instagram. it has every day.
Requires a
Debatable, “standard” to Suggest a solution
verifiable, verify
Than
ks!
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