o n e n t

Exp
ia l
Functions
Discussant:
HERMY O.
PAVILANDO
 Objective
s
• Define exponential functions
• Evaluate exponential functions
• Use compound interest formulas
 Properties of
Exponents
• Recall that for a variable and integers
and :
 Simplifying
Exponents
Example: Simplify!

1.
 Simplifying
Exponents
Example: Simplify!
1. =

2.
 Exponential
Functions
• is a function involving exponential
expression showing a relationship between
the independent variable and dependent
variable or .

• It is in form , where , and , and the

exponent must be a variable.

• Examples of which are and

 Exponential
Functions
𝑥
𝑦 =𝑎 ( 𝑏 )

(when is zero)
 Exponential
Functions
𝑥
𝑦 =𝑎 ( 𝑏 )

(when is zero) (what you multiply

by)
𝑦 =5 ¿ x Y
0 5
1 10
2 20
3 40
4 80
 Exponential
Functions
𝑥
𝑦 =𝑎 ( 𝑏 )

(when is zero) (what you multiply

by)
 Exponential
Functions
𝑥
𝑦 =𝑎 ( 𝑏 )

(when is zero) (what you multiply

by)
 Exponential
Functions
𝑥
𝑦 =𝑎 ( 𝑏 )

(when is zero) (what you multiply

by)
x Y
0
1
2
3
4
 Exponential
Functions
𝑥
𝑦 =𝑎 ( 𝑏 )

(when is zero) (what you multiply

by)
x Y
0 3
1 6
2 12
3 24
4 48
 Exponential
Functions
𝑥
𝑦 =𝑎 ( 𝑏 )

(when is zero) (what you multiply

by)
x Y
0 3
Exponential
1 6
Growth
2 12
3 24
4 48
 Exponential
Functions
𝑥
𝑦 =𝑎 ( 𝑏 )

(when is zero) (what you multiply

by)
 Exponential
Functions
𝑥
𝑦 =𝑎 ( 𝑏 )

(when is zero) (what you multiply

by)
 Exponential
Functions
𝑥
𝑦 =𝑎 ( 𝑏 )

(when is zero) (what you multiply

by)
x Y
0
1
2
3
4
 Exponential
Functions
𝑥
𝑦 =𝑎 ( 𝑏 )

(when is zero) (what you multiply

by)
x Y
0 144
1 72
2 36
3 18
4 9
 Exponential
Functions
𝑥
𝑦 =𝑎 ( 𝑏 )

(when is zero) (what you multiply

by)
x Y
0 144
Exponential
1 72
Decay
2 36
3 18
4 9
 Exponential
Functions
The graph of an exponential function is
called an exponential curve.

Exponential Exponential
Growth
Factor (b) is Decay
Factor (b) is
greater than 1. between 0 and
1.
 Exponential
Functions
Determine whether each function shows
exponential growth or exponential decay.
1. 2.

3. 4.
 Exponential
Functions
Determine whether each function shows
exponential growth or exponential decay.
1. 2.
The factor (b) is greater than 1.
Exponential Growth

3. 4.
 Exponential
Functions
Determine whether each function shows
exponential growth or exponential decay.
1. 2.
The factor (b) is greater than 1. The factor (b) is
between 0 and 1
Exponential Growth
Exponential Decay

3. 4.
 Exponential
Functions
Determine whether each function shows
exponential growth or exponential decay.
1. 2.
The factor (b) is greater than 1. The factor (b) is
between 0 and 1
Exponential Growth
Exponential Decay

3. 4.
The factor (b) is between 0 and 1.
Exponential Decay
 Exponential
Functions
Determine whether each function shows
exponential growth or exponential decay.
1. 2.
The factor (b) is greater than 1. The factor (b) is
between 0 and 1
Exponential Growth
Exponential Decay

3. 4.
The factor (b) is between 0 and 1. The factor (b) is
greater than 1.
Exponential Decay
Exponential Growth
 The Equality Property
of Exponential
Functions
We know that in exponential functions, the
exponent is a variable. When we wish to solve
for that variable, we have two approaches we
can take. One approach is to use a logarithm.
The second is to make use of the Equality
Property for Exponential Functions.
 The Equality Property
of Exponential
Functions
Suppose is a positive number other than 1.
Then if and only if .
 The Equality Property
of Exponential
Functions
Example 1:
(Since the bases are the same, we simply set
the exponents equal).
 The Equality Property
of Exponential
Functions
Let’s try!
 The Equality Property
of Exponential
Functions
Let’s try!

or
 The Equality Property
of Exponential
Functions
Example 2: (When the bases are not the same)
Rewrite the bases so
that they are the
same.
 The Equality Property
of Exponential
Functions
Example 2: (When the bases are not the same)
The bases are now
the same.
 The Equality Property
of Exponential
Functions
Let’s Try!
 The Equality Property
of Exponential
Functions
Let’s Try!
 Exponential Growth
or Decay

• A function that models exponential growth grows by a rate

proportional to the amount present. For any real number and
any positive real numbers and such that , an exponential
growth function has the form
where
is the initial or starting value of the function
is the growth factor or growth multiplier per unit
 Writing Exponential
Functions

• Given two data points, how do we write an exponential

model?
1. If one of the data points has the form (the ), then is the
initial value. Substitute into the equation , and solve for
with the second set of values.
2. Otherwise, substitute both points into two equations with
the form and solve the system.
3. Using and found in the steps 1 or 2, write the exponential
function in the form .
 Writing Exponential
Functions

Example:
In 2006, 80 deer were introduced into a wildlife refuge. By
2012, the population had growth to 180 deer. The population
was growing exponentially. Write an exponential function
representing the population of deer over time .
 Writing Exponential
Functions
Example:
In 2006, 80 deer were introduced into a wildlife refuge. By
2012, the population had growth to 180 deer. The population
was growing exponentially. Write an exponential function
representing the population of deer over time .

If we let be the number of years after 2006, we can write the

information in the problem as two ordered pairs: and . We also
have an initial value, so , and we can use the process in step 1.
 Writing Exponential
Functions
Set up the initial equation ) and substitute and the second set
of values into it.

Thus, the function becomes

 Writing Exponential
Functions

Example: Find an exponential function that passes through the

points (-2,6) and (2,1).

Since we don’t have an initial value, we will need to set up and

solve a system. It will usually be simplest to use the first
equation with the first set of values for , and then substitute
that into the second equation with the second set of values to
solve for
 Writing Exponential
Functions
Example: Find an exponential function that passes through the
points (-2,6) and (2,1).

Thus, the function is

 Compound Interest

• The formula for compound interest (interest paid on both

principal and interest) is an important application of
exponential functions.
• Recall that the formula for simple interest, , where is
principal (amount deposited), is annual rate of interest, and
is time in years.
 Compound Interest

• Now, suppose we deposit at 10% annual interest. At the end

of the first year, we have

so our account now has 1000 + .1(1000) =

• At the end of the second year, we have

so our account now has 1100 + .1(1100) = .

 Compound Interest

• Another way to write 1000 + .1(1000) is

1000(1 + .1)

• After the second year, this gives us

1000 (1 + .1) + .1(1000(1 + .1)) = 1000 (1 + .1)(1 + .1)
= 1000 (1
+.
 Compound Interest

• If we continue, we end up with

Year Account
1 $1100 1000(1 + .1)
2 $1210 1000(1 + .1
3 $1331 1000(1 + .1
4 $1464.10 1000(1 + .1
1000(1 + .1

This leads us to the general formula.

 Compound Interest
Formulas

• For interest compounded times per year:

• For interest compounded continuously:

where is the irrational constant 2.718281 …

 Compound Interest
Formulas
Example:
1. If $2500 is deposited in an account paying 6% per year
compounded twice per year, how much is the account worth
after 10 years with no withdrawals?
 Compound Interest
Formulas
Example:
2. What amount deposited today at 4.8% compounded
quarterly will give $15,000 in 8 years?
 Compound Interest
Formulas
Example:
2. What amount deposited today at 4.8% compounded
quarterly will give $15,000 in 8 years?
Thank you!
 Individual Task

A. Using the Equality Property of Exponential Functions,

determine the value of .

B. Solve.
3. Which is a better deal, depositing $7000 at 6.25%
compounded every month for 5 years or 5.75% compounded
continuously for 6 years?