DEVELOPMENT OF

LATERAL SURFACES
 SOLIDS
To understand and remember various solids in this subject properly,
those are classified & arranged in to two major groups.
Group A Group B
Solids having top and base of same shape Solids having base of some shape
and just a point as a top, called
apex.

Cylinder Cone

Prisms Pyramids

Triangular Square Pentagonal Hexagonal Triangular Square Pentagonal Hexagonal

Cube Tetrahedron
( A solid having ( A solid having
six square faces) Four triangular faces)
 SOLIDS
Dimensional parameters of different solids.

Square Prism Square Pyramid Cylinder Cone

Apex Apex
Top
Rectangular Slant
Face Edge Triangular
Longer Base Face Base Base
Base
Edge

Corner of Edge Edge Corner of

Generators
base of of base
Imaginary lines
Base Base
generating curved surface
of cylinder & cone.

Sections of solids( top & base not parallel) Frustum of cone & pyramids.
( top & base parallel to each other)
 DEVELOPMENT OF SURFACES OF SOLIDS.
MEANING:-
ASSUME OBJECT HOLLOW AND MADE-UP OF THIN SHEET. CUT OPEN IT FROM ONE SIDE AND
UNFOLD THE SHEET COMPLETELY. THEN THE SHAPE OF THAT UNFOLDED SHEET IS CALLED
DEVELOPMENT OF LATERLAL SUEFACES OF THAT OBJECT OR SOLID.

LATERLAL SURFACE IS THE SURFACE EXCLUDING SOLID’S TOP & BASE.

ENGINEERING APLICATION:
THERE ARE SO MANY PRODUCTS OR OBJECTS WHICH ARE DIFFICULT TO MANUFACTURE BY
CONVENTIONAL MANUFACTURING PROCESSES, BECAUSE OF THEIR SHAPES AND SIZES.
THOSE ARE FABRICATED IN SHEET METAL INDUSTRY BY USING
DEVELOPMENT TECHNIQUE. THERE IS A VAST RANGE OF SUCH OBJECTS.

EXAMPLES:-
Boiler Shells & chimneys, Pressure Vessels, Shovels, Trays, Boxes & Cartons, Feeding Hoppers,
Large Pipe sections, Body & Parts of automotives, Ships, Aeroplanes and many more.

WHAT IS
To learn methods of development of surfaces of
OUR OBJECTIVE
different solids, their sections and frustums .
IN THIS TOPIC ?
1. Development is different drawing than PROJECTIONS.
But before going ahead, 2. It is a shape showing AREA, means it’s a 2-D plain drawing.
note following 3. Hence all dimensions of it must be TRUE dimensions.
Important points. 4. As it is representing shape of an un-folded sheet, no edges can remain hidden
And hence DOTTED LINES are never shown on development.
Study illustrations given on next page carefully.
Development of Surfaces of the solid :
1. Suppose an object like a square prism is wrapped around by using
paper.
2. When the wrapper is opened and spread out on a plane surface, the
resulting figure is called the development of the surfaces of the solid.

Methods of Development
1. Parallel line method
2. Radial line method
 Development of lateral surfaces of different solids.
(Lateral surface is the surface excluding top & base)
Cylinder: A Rectangle
Pyramids: (No.of triangles)
Cone: (Sector of circle) S

H S

L L
D
D 
H= Height D= base diameter

Prisms: No.of Rectangles R=Base circle radius. L= Slant edge.

L=Slant height. S = Edge of base
R 3600
 =L

+
H

S S H= Height S = Edge of base

Cube: Six Squares.

Tetrahedron: Four Equilateral Triangles

All sides
equal in length
Draw the development of the complete surface of a cylindrical drum.
Diameter is 40 mm and height 60 mm.
A hexagonal prism of base side 20 mm and height 45 mm is resting on one of its ends
on the HP with two of its lateral faces parallel to the VP. It is cut by a plane
perpendicular to the VP and inclined at 30° to the HP. The plane meets the axis at a
distance of 20 mm above the base. Draw the development of the lateral surfaces of the
lower portion of the prism.
A pentagonal prism, side of base 25 mm and altitude 50 mm, rests on its base on the HP such that an
edge of the base is parallel to VP and nearer to the observer. It is cut by a plane inclined at 45° to HP,
perpendicular to VP and passing through the center of the axis. (i) Draw the development of the
complete surfaces of the truncated prism.
Draw the development of the lateral surface of the lower portion of a cylinder of
diameter 50 mm and axis 70 mm when sectioned by a plane inclined at 40° to HP and
perpendicular to VP and bisecting axis.
A cone of base
diameter 40 mm
and slant height 60
mm is kept on the
ground on its base.
An AIP inclined at
45° to the HP cuts
the cone through
the midpoint of the
axis. Draw the
development.
1. A square pyramid with side of base 30mm and slant height 60mm is kept on HP such that one of
its base side is perpendicular/parallel to VP. It is cut by a section plane inclined at 50° to HP and
passing through a point 20mm away from its apex. Draw development of lateral surfaces of
pyramid.
2. A square prism of 23 mm side of base and 56 mm axis height is resting on its base on HP such
that its base sides are equally inclined to VP. It is cut by a section plane passing through midpoint of
its axis and inclined at 30° to HP. Draw development of lateral surfaces of solid.
3. An equilateral triangular pyramid with side of base 35mm and axis length 60mm is kept on HP
such that one of its base side is parallel to VP. It is cut by a section plane inclined at 35° to HP and
passing through a point 20mm away from its apex. Draw development of lateral surfaces of
pyramid.
4. An equilateral triangular prism with side of base 40mm and axis length 70mm is kept on HP such
that one of its base side is perpendicular to VP. It is cut by a section plane inclined at 45° to HP and
passing through a point along its axis 30mm away from its top face. Draw development of lateral
surfaces of prism.
5. A hexagonal prism of 27mm side of base and 54mm axis height is resting on HP on its base such
that one of its vertical face is parallel to VP. It is cut by a cutting plane inclined at 30° to HP and
passing through a mid-point of its axis. Draw development of lateral surface of prism.
6. A pentagonal pyramid of 23mm side of base and 52mm axis height is resting on HP on its base
such that one of its base edge is perpendicular to VP. It is cut by a cutting plane inclined at 30° to
HP and passing through a point 32mm away from base along its axis. Draw development of lateral
surface of pyramid.