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Lec1-IC-Introduction

The document is an introduction to computing, covering the definition of a computer, its basic operations, and the history of computers from their first generation to the present. It categorizes computers based on data processing capabilities and the number of users, and highlights the significant role of computers in society. Additionally, it includes class activities and reference materials for further learning.

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9 views

Lec1-IC-Introduction

The document is an introduction to computing, covering the definition of a computer, its basic operations, and the history of computers from their first generation to the present. It categorizes computers based on data processing capabilities and the number of users, and highlights the significant role of computers in society. Additionally, it includes class activities and reference materials for further learning.

Uploaded by

dhassan598
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to

Computing
DR. Nadia Mustaqim Ansari
LECTURE 1: INTRODUCTION
Structure and Contact
Info

Assessment Contact
Class Activities awaismemonhiasthyd@gmai
l.com
Mid Exams
Assignments
Final Exams
Reference Books

 Introductionto Computers
by Peter Norton
Testing your skills!
What is a Computer?

What is Computing?

What is ROM?

What is RAM?

What do you mean by Storage Devices?


What do you know about Input
Devices?
What do you know about Output
Devices?
What is the difference between Analog
and Digital?

What do you expect from this course?


Introduction

 What is a C O M P U T E R ?
 Def 1: A computer is an electronic
device, operating under the control of
instructions stored in its own memory,
that can accept data, process the data
according to specified rules, produce
results, and store the results for future
use.
Introduction (cont.)

 Def 3: A computer is an electronic


device consisting of wires, transistors,
circuits, and instructions that can
transmit, store and manipulate
information.

 Def 2: A computer is an electronic


device that processes data, converting
it into information that is useful to
people.
Basic Computer
Operations
 There are four basic functions
or operations of a computer:
Basic Computer
Operations (cont.)
1. Input - The information received
from the user.
2. Processing – The computing
operation performed by the CPU on
the input information.
3. Storage – The information stored on
a computer.
4. Output – The resulting information
generated by the computer.
History of Computers

 The computers
were first
introduced by
Charles
Babbage in the
early 19th
century and is
considered as the
“Father of the
Computer”.
 Conceptualized
and Invented the
first Mechanical
Computer known
as the
Analytical
Engine.
Generations of Computers

 The computers can be classified into three


generations:

1) First Generation (1937 – 1946)


 In 1937, first electronic digital computer was built by
Dr. John V. Atanasoff and Clifford Berry known as the
Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC).
 In 1943, an electronic computer name the Colossus
was built for the military.
 In 1946, the first general– purpose digital computer,
the Electronic Numerical Integrator and
Computer (ENIAC) was built.
 Could only perform a single task, and they had no
operating system.
Generations of Computers
(cont.)

2) Second Generation (1947 – 1962)


 Used Transistors instead of Vacuum Tubes.
 In 1951, the first computer for commercial use was
introduced to the public known as the Universal
Automatic Computer (UNIVAC 1).
 In 1953, the International Business Machine
(IBM) 650 and 700 series computers were made.
 Over 100 computer programming languages
were developed.
 Computers had Memory and Operating Systems.
 Storage media such as Tape and Disk were in use
 Also, Printers were used for output.
Generations of Computers
(cont.)
3) Third Generation (1963 – Present)
 Invention of Integrated Circuits (IC) making
computers:
 Smaller
 Reliable
 Powerful
 Capable of running multiple programs at a time
 In 1980, Microsoft Disk Operating System (MS-
Dos) was born.
 in 1981, IBM introduced the Personal Computer
(PC) for home and office use.
 In 1984, Apple developed the Macintosh computer
with its icon-driven interface.
 In the 90s, Windows Operating System was
created.
Classification of
Computers

 Computers can be classified based on


their data processing capabilities.
1) Analog Computers
 Thermometer
 Speedometer

2) Digital Computers
 Apple Macintosh
 IBM PC
3) Hybrid Computers
 Heartbeat measuring machines
Types of Computers Based
on the Number of Users
 Computers can also be categorized based on
the number of users:
 Computers for Individual Users
 Computers for Organization
1. Computers for Individual Users
 Desktop Computers
 Workstations
 Notebook Computers
 Tablet Computers
 Handheld Computers
 Smartphones
Types of Computers Based
on the Number of Users
(cont.)
2. Computers for Organizations
 Network Servers
 Mainframe Computers
 Minicomputers
 Supercomputers
Role of Computers in
Society
 Computers have played a significant role in our
society in a manner that they have made us
more productive, faster, and efficient. A few
roles are listed below:
 Schedule management
 Contacts management
 Making notes on the go
 Sending Emails
 Carrying data anywhere
 Ability to work anywhere
 Communicate and sharing data from any location
Class Activity 1

1) Define Computer.
2) In which year, the Operating System was
introduced?
3) Which company introduced the first icon-driven
interface?
4) Which generation computers are we using today?
5) Define the types of computers based on the
number of users.
6) Define basic operations of a computer.
7) Define the types of computers based on their data
processing capabilities with examples.
8) Define the importance of computers in your own
words.

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