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Ratio and Proportion

The document explains the concepts of ratio and proportion, detailing how ratios express the relationship between quantities and can be simplified or made equivalent. It outlines methods for solving ratios and proportions, including cross-multiplication, and provides real-life applications such as cooking, scaling maps, and business finance. Understanding these concepts is essential for various mathematical and practical contexts.

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3 views

Ratio and Proportion

The document explains the concepts of ratio and proportion, detailing how ratios express the relationship between quantities and can be simplified or made equivalent. It outlines methods for solving ratios and proportions, including cross-multiplication, and provides real-life applications such as cooking, scaling maps, and business finance. Understanding these concepts is essential for various mathematical and practical contexts.

Uploaded by

annabelle.david002
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Ratio and

Proportion
Ratio is a way of expressing the relationship
between two or more quantities.

It represents the relative size or


magnitude of one quantity compared to
another.

Ratios are often written in the form of a


fraction, with a colon (:) or using the
word "to" to separate the two quantities.
The general form of a ratio is expressed as:

Ratio=Quantity A Quantity B

Ratio=Quantity B Quantity A​
Here are some key concepts related to ratios:
1.Simplifying Ratios:
* Ratios can be simplified by dividing both parts by
their greatest common factor.
For example, the ratio 6:9 can be
simplified to 2:3 by dividing both 6 and 9 by 3.
2.Equivalent Ratios:
* Ratios that represent the same relationship
between quantities are considered equivalent. You
can find equivalent ratios by multiplying or
dividing both parts of the ratio by the same non-
zero number.
3. Unit Ratios:
* A unit ratio is a ratio in which the second
quantity is one unit. For example, if the ratio of
apples to oranges is 2:3, the unit ratio would be
2/3​or "2 apples to 3 oranges."
4. Using Ratios in Problem-Solving:
* Ratios are often used in real-world problem-
solving, such as in business, cooking, or
engineering. For instance, if a recipe calls for a
ratio of 2 cups of flour to 1 cup of sugar, you can
adjust the quantities based on the ratio to make a
larger or smaller batch.
Steps to Solve a Ratio:
1.Identify the Quantities:
1.Clearly identify the two quantities being compared in the ratio.
2.Write the Ratio:
1.Express the relationship between the quantities using the
appropriate notation (colon, "to," or fraction).
3.Simplify if Necessary:
1.Simplify the ratio by dividing both parts by their greatest
common factor.
4.Interpret the Ratio:
1.Understand the meaning of the ratio in the context of the
problem. It could represent a part-to-part comparison, a part-
to-whole comparison, or a whole-to-whole comparison.
Example: If a recipe requires a ratio of 2 cups of flour to 3
cups of water, write and simplify the ratio.

1.Identify the quantities: Flour and water.


Write the ratio: Ratio = Flour = 2
Water 3
Ratio = Water = 3
Flour​ 2​ or 2:3
2. Simplify if necessary: The ratio is already in its simplest
form.
3. Interpret the ratio: For every 2 cups of flour, you need 3
cups of water in the recipe.

Understanding ratios and how to solve them is fundamental in various mathematical and
practical contexts.
Ratio is a comparison of two quantities or numbers.
It expresses the relationship between the sizes
or magnitudes of two or more values.

Ratios are typically written in the form "a:b" or as a


fraction "a/b."
In the ratio "a:b," "a" and "b" are called terms,
and "a" is called the antecedent or the first term,
while "b" is called the consequent or the second term.

For example, if you have 2 red balls and 5 blue balls, the ratio
of red to blue balls is 2:5 or 2/5.
To solve ratios, you can use various methods depending
on the context.
Here are some common scenarios:

1.Equalizing the Terms: If you have a ratio like 3:5 and


need to find an equivalent ratio with a certain value for
one of the terms, you can multiply or divide both terms by
the same factor.

For example:
1.To find a ratio equivalent to 3:5 with a total of 20,
multiply both terms by 4: 3×4 : 5×4 = 12:20
2. Adding or Subtracting Ratios: If you have two ratios and need to combine
them, make sure they have a common term.

For example:
• If you have a ratio of boys to girls as 2:3 and another ratio of girls to total
students as 3:10, you can combine them to get the ratio of boys to total
students:

2:3 × 3:10 = 2:10

3. Using Multiplication and Division: If you have a ratio and want to increase
or decrease the quantities by a certain factor, you can use multiplication or
division.

For example:
• If you have a ratio of 2:3 and want to double the quantities,
multiply both terms by 2:

2×2 : 3×2 = 4:6


4. Percentage as a Ratio: Percentages can be expressed
as ratios.
For example,
a percentage of 25% is equivalent to the ratio 25:100.

Remember that ratios are versatile and can be applied in


various situations. Whether you're dealing with mixing
ingredients, comparing quantities, or analyzing
financial data, understanding ratios is essential for
many aspects of mathematics and real-world
applications.
Proportion is an equation that states that two
ratios are equal. In a proportion, the cross
products (the product of the numerator of
the first ratio and the denominator of the
second ratio, and vice versa) are equal.
The general form of a proportion is:
a = c
b d
Here, a, b, c, and d are numbers, and b and c
are not zero.
To solve a proportion, you can use the cross-multiplication method.
The steps are as follows:

1.Write the Proportion: Write down the proportion you need to


solve.

Example: Solve for x in the proportion 3 = x


5 15

2 .Cross-Multiply: Multiply the numerator of the first ratio by the


denominator of the second ratio, and vice versa.

3×15 = 5×x
This gives you 45 = 5x
3. Isolate the Variable:

Solve for the unknown variable by isolating it on one


side of the equation.
x = 45
5
Therefore,
x=9

4. Check the Solution:

Verify your solution by substituting it back into the


original proportion.

3=9
You should find that both sides of the equation are equal.
5 15 ​
Proportions are commonly used in various
mathematical and real-world scenarios, such
as solving problems involving rates, scaling, and
comparisons.

Understanding how to set up and solve


proportions is a valuable skill in mathematics.
Real-Life Applications of Ratio and Proportion
1.Cooking and Baking
◦ Example: A recipe calls for 2 cups of flour for
every 3 cups of sugar. If you want to make
half the recipe, you can use the ratio to
adjust the ingredients proportionally.
◦ Solution: If the original ratio is 2:3, then for
half the recipe, use 1 cup of flour and 1.5
cups of sugar.
2. Scaling Maps and Models
• Example: A map scale shows that 1 inch
represents 100 miles. If the distance
between two cities on the map is 3 inches,
the actual distance can be found using
proportions.
• Solution: =

• Solving for "x"


x=3×100= 300 miles.
3. Business and Finance
• Example: A company wants to distribute profits
between two partners in the ratio 3:2. If the
total profit is PHP 500,000, how much does each
partner get?
•Solution: Let the profit for the first partner be 3x
and for the second partner be 2x.
3x+2x=500,000

solving for "x": x= =100,000


first partner = 3×100,000=300,000
second partner = 2×100,000=200,000

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