Methods of Data

Presentation
Objectives
1. Describe the different
methods of data
presentation and
2. Apply the different
methods of data
presentation.
Activity 1. Word
Search
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data_presentation_challenge.h
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Activity Part 1: Identifying Methods of Data Presentation
2 Instructions: Read the following statements and identify
whether the data presentation method used is Textual,
Tabular, or Graphical. Write your answer on the blank
provided.
1.The number of students who passed the math exam is
described in a paragraph. Answer: ______________
2.A table showing the population of different cities over the
last five years. Answer: ______________
3.A bar graph comparing the monthly sales of a store from
January to June. Answer: ______________
4.A pie chart illustrating the percentage of students who
prefer different school subjects. Answer: ______________
5.A written report describing the increase in temperature over
the past decade. Answer: ______________
Part 2. Constructing Data Presentation

Instructions: Convert the given data into the

specified form of data presentation.
1.Textual Presentation
Given Data: The number of students who
participated in the school’s clean-up drive was
recorded as follows: Grade 7 - 50 students, Grade
8 - 45 students, Grade 9 - 55 students, and Grade
10 - 60 students.
Task:
Write a short paragraph summarizing this data in
textual form.
Part 2. Constructing Data Presentation

2. Tabular Presentation
Given Data: A survey was conducted on
students’ favorite fruits. The results are:
• Apples: 20 students
• Bananas: 25 students
• Mangoes: 30 students
• Grapes: 15 students

Task: Organize this data into a table with

appropriate headings.
Part 2. Constructing Data Presentation

3. Graphical Presentation
Given Data: The number of books borrowed
from the library over five months is as follows:
• January: 120 books
• February: 135 books
• March: 150 books
• April: 145 books
• May: 160 books
Task: Create a simple bar graph or line graph to
represent this data.
Presentation of
Output
Answer to the Activity
Answer to the Activity
Presentation of Data
Presentation is the
process of organizing
data into logical,
sequential and
meaningful categories
and classifications to
make them manageable
to study and interpret.
Methods of Data Presentation
Textual Data Presentation
Textual presentations use words, statements or
paragraphs with numerals or numbers to describe a
datum. The main aim of textual presentation is to focus
the attention on some important data. They can be
independently used to describe a datum when there are
very few quantities or numbers. They can also be used to
compare data using paragraphs for the discussion.
Factors to consider in textual
presentation of data
1.Use a language in the presentation of data that is easy to understand and
highlights the main points of the data finding.
2.Avoid the use of biased, slanted, or emotional language.
3. Accuracy should be maintained in presenting data.
4. To make it easier for the audience to comprehend the important points of
the data, the researcher should avoid unnecessary details.
5. Do not repeat the point again and again
6.Try to shorten longer phrases wherever possible; mix two phrases when they
can be combined as one.
7.One mistake that often researchers make is to use general descriptive words
such as too much, little, exactly, all, always, never, must, and many more.
8.Avoid using decorative language. Use scholarly language in your data
presentation.
Example
You are asked to present the
performance of your section in the
Science test. The following are the test
scores of your class.
32 42 20 50 17 9 34 43 50 18 35
43 50 23 23 35 37 38 38 39 39 38
38 39 24 29 25 26 28 27 44 44 49
48 46 45 45 46 45 46
Example
First, you have to arrange the data in order for you to identify the
important characteristics by arranging the data from the lowest to
highest. Below is the arrangement of data from lowest to highest:
9 23 28 35 38 43 45 48
17 24 29 37 39 43 45 49
18 25 34 38 39 44 46 50
20 26 34 38 39 44 46 50
23 27 35 38 42 45 46 50
With the rearranged data, pertinent data worth monitoring can be
easily recognized.
 2. Tabular Data Presentation
Tables present clear and organized data. A table must be clear and simple
but complete with necessary information.
A good table should include the following parts:

1.Table heading: consists of a table number and a title. The title

is usually written right after the table number.
2.Stubs are classifications or categories that are usually found
on the left side of the body of the table.
3.Box head is the top column of the table. 4.
4.Body is the main part of the table.
5.Footnotes are any inserted statements or notes.
6.Source note: indicates the data as secondary; author / origin
of the data is acknowledged.
Example
Textual form as shown below can be used in
presenting data.
In a Science class of 40 students, three
obtained the perfect score of 50. 16 students
got a score of 40 and above, while only three
got 19 and below. Generally, the students
performed well in the test with 23 or 70%
getting a passing score of 38 and above.
Example of a table:
Factors to consider in tabular presentation of data

1.Title. It should be in accordance with the objective of the

study and provides a quick insight of what the table is about.
2. Comparison. If there might arise a need to compare any two
rows or columns then these should be kept close to each
other.
3. Alternative location of stubs. If the rows in a data table are
lengthy, then the stubs can be placed on the right-hand side
of the table.
4. Headings. It should be written in a singular form, for
example, “chair” must be used instead of “chairs”.
5. Footnote. It should be given only if needed.
6. Size of columns. It must be uniformed and symmetrical.
7. Use of abbreviations. Headings and sub-headings should be
free of abbreviations.
8. Units. There should be a clear specification of units above
the columns.
Advantages of tabular data presentation are the following:

1.Ease of representation. A large amount of data can be

easily confined in a data table. Evidently, it is the simplest
form of data presentation.
2.Ease of analysis. Data tables are frequently used for
statistical analysis like calculation of central tendency,
dispersion, etc.
3.Helps in comparison. In a data table, the rows and columns
which are required to be compared can be placed next to
each other. This facilitates comparison as it becomes easy
to compare each value.
4.Economical. Construction of a data table is fairly easy and
presents the data in a manner which is really easy on the
eyes of a reader. Moreover, it saves time as well as space.
Example:
Table 1
Profile of Students According to Gender

Gender Frequency Percentage

Male 120 40%

Female 180 60%

Total 300 100%

Example: Table 2
Profile of Students’ Economic Status Based on Monthly Family Income

Number of Percentage Number of Total Percentage

Socio-Economic Status Percentage
males (%) females respondents (%)
(%)

Below Average 30 25% 45 25% 75 25%

Average/Middle 66 55% 108 60% 174 58%

Above Average 24 20% 27 15% 51 17%

Total 120 100% 180 100% 300 100%

Graphical Data Presentation
• A graph or chart portrays the visual presentation of
data using symbols such as lines, data, dots, bars or
slices. It depicts the trend of a certain set of
measurements or shows comparison between two or
more sets of data or quantities.
• Charts and graphs are very useful in simplifying the
presentation of research reports. They help students
and researchers understand data quickly and
interestingly. The purpose of graphing is to present
the variations, changes, and relationships of data in a
most attractive, appealing, effective and convincing
way.
Advantages 1. It attracts attention.
of the 2. The use of colors and pictorial diagrams
graphic makes a list of figures in reports more
method: meaningful.
3. It gives a comprehensive view of quantitative
data.
4. Graphs enable the audience to grasp the
essential facts quickly and without much
trouble. Any relation not seen from the figures
themselves is easily discovered from the
graph.
5. Their general usefulness lies in the simplicity
they add to the presentation of numerical
data.
 1.Line/Linear graph – a graphical
presentation of data that shows a
Types of
continuous change or trend. It may graphs
show an ascending or descending
trend.
or
Example: charts.
 • 2. Bar graph – uses bars to compare categories of
Types of data. It may be drawn vertically or horizontally. A
vertical graph is best used when comparing means and
graphs percentages between distinct categories. The
categories are measured independently and compared
or with one another. A horizontal bar graph may contain
more than five categories. A bar graph is plotted on

charts.
either the x-axis or y-axis. The categories may be
plotted on one axis while another axis contains the
numerical values that represent the data being
measured.
Example:
 • 3. Pie Graph – usually used to show how parts of
a whole compare to each other and to the whole.
The entire circle represents the total; the parts
are proportional to the amount of the total they
present.
• The amount for each part is expressed in
percentages and a circle is divided into pieces
proportional to the percentage of each category.
This is done by multiplying the percentage share
Types of by 360 degrees.

graphs
or
charts.
Types of • 4. Pictograms – pictogram or pictograph is used to
graphs portray data by means of pictures or symbols. Since
the pictogram cannot portray data accurately, its
or only purpose is to make the comparison of
magnitude clearer. It is attractive and never fails to

charts. catch attention.

• Example:
• Number of red colored boxes sold by William, a
shopkeeper, in six days of a week.
Essential parts of a graph or charts:

1. Number. Charts or graphs are also numbered for

reference purposes. The general practice is to write at
the bottom of the graph the number as Figure 1,
Figure 2, etc.
2.Title. The same principles hold in a graph as in
tables. The title is usually written above the graph.
3. Scale. It indicates the length and the height unit
that represent a certain amount of the variable which
is the subject of the graph.
4. Footnote. It, if there is any, should be placed
immediately below the graph aligned with the left
side of the graph.
5. Source. The source of data, if there is any, should
be written just below the graph or chart in the
footnote but should be above the graph number.
Try this out!
1. Construct a table for the data on the enrollment of
Eastern Samar National Comprehensive High School,
S.Y. 2019-2020 which is as follows:

Grade 7, boys, 124, girls, 141

Grade 8, boys, 115, girls, 139
Grade 9, boys, 109, girls, 128
Grade 10, boys, 98, girls, 115

2. Construct a pie chart using the following data:

Quarterly Sales Figures
1stQrt. = 30 or 50%
2ndQrt. = 12 0r 20%
3rdQrt. = 9 or 15%
4thQrt. = 9 or 15%
Thank
you!