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Module 16 Lesson 1 Structure of Atoms

This document covers the structure of atoms, detailing the roles of protons, neutrons, and electrons, and explaining why atoms are electrically neutral. It outlines the historical development of atomic theory from Democritus to Dalton and Rutherford, highlighting key contributions and models of the atom. The document also explains the properties of matter and the significance of atomic theory in understanding the composition of elements.

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11 views

Module 16 Lesson 1 Structure of Atoms

This document covers the structure of atoms, detailing the roles of protons, neutrons, and electrons, and explaining why atoms are electrically neutral. It outlines the historical development of atomic theory from Democritus to Dalton and Rutherford, highlighting key contributions and models of the atom. The document also explains the properties of matter and the significance of atomic theory in understanding the composition of elements.

Uploaded by

stqjzp9zc9
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Grade 9 Physical science

Module 16: Properties of atoms and the


periodic table
Lesson 1: Structure of the atom (p.398-403)
Lesson objectives:
- Identify the difference between protons, neutrons and electrons
- Identify the properties of atoms :atomic number, mass number
- Identify who came up with the first theory of atoms
- Understand Democritus, Dalton, Thomson, Rutherford’s and Bohr’s atomic
model
The structure of Atoms
NUCLEUS :
1- PROTONS
• positively (+) charged particles
2- NEUTRONS
• are neutral (neutral means that they have 0 charge)

ORBITS:
3- ELECTRONS
• are very small
• negatively (-) charged particles
Explain why atoms are
neutral in electric charge.
An atom always has the same
number of electrons and protons.
• Electrons have an electric charge
of -1 and
• protons have an electric charge of
+1.
• Therefore, the charges of an
atom’s electrons and protons
“cancel out.”
What is an atom made of ?
The electric force holds an atom
together.
Because protons are positive and
electrons are negative, they are
attracted to each other by the electric
force.

Particle Charge Mass kg Where in the atom is it found?


Proton +1 1.67 x 10 -27 In the nucleus
Neutron 0 1. 67 x 10 - 27 In the nucleus
Electron -1 9.11 x 10 -31 Outside the nucleus
Matter is anything that has mass and volume.
Matter exists ordinarily as a solid, liquid, or gas

• Atom is the smallest particle of an element that has the chemical properties
of that element.
• The beginning of the Atomic theory we know that matter is made up of
particles called atoms.

• The atomic theory was developed slowly over a long period of time.
• Scientist use models to represent the atom through the years
Democritus- ancient Greece
• The first theory was proposed more than 2000 years ago by
Democritus
• He suggested that:
• The universe was made of invisible units: atoms
• Atoms comes from the word Atomos which means unable
to cut, unable to be divided.
• An atom cannot be broken down into smaller parts.
• An atom is the same throughout.
1808-English chemist John Dalton

• Started to develop a more scientific definition of the


atom.
• He describes atoms as:
• small, hard spheres that are indivisible, and
• that atoms of a given element are identical to
each other.
• He also came up with theories about how atoms
combine to make compounds, and also came up with
the first set of chemical symbols for the known element
s.
John Dalton
• Dalton’s atomic theory:
• Matter is made of extremely small particles called atoms
• Atoms are indivisible and indestructible.
• Atoms of a given elements are identical in size, mass and chemical
properties.
• Atoms of a specific element are different from those of another element.
• Different atoms combine in simple ratios to form compounds
• In a chemical reaction, atoms are rearranged, combined or separated.

• But Dalton theory did not tell us anything about how an atom looks
like, what is an atom made of?
JJ Thomson
1911- Ernest Rutherford
Rutherford discovered :
- the center of the atom: the NUCLEUS
- and that most of atoms mass is concentrated in the nucleus.

Rutherford’s discovery of the nucleus meant the atomic model needed a rethink.
He proposed a model where the electrons orbit the positively charged nucleus.
Atoms are: Discovered the Discovered the Electrons have Electrons move in a
- small, electron nucleus (a dense orbits and cannot cloud, impossible to
- hard spheres positively charged exist between know their exact
- that are in the center) orbits. location
indivisible electrons move
randomly in the
space around the
nucleus.

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