INTRODUCTIO

N TO
SPORTS
P H Y S I C A L E D U C AT I O N 4 - S P O R T S
INTRODUCTION TO SPORTS
• Sports pertain to lifetime activity for some people.
Individuals engage to sport as part of their leisure and/or
recreation.

• Activity can be vigorous and competitive or mild and

recreational, depending on the sport.

“Hence, SPORTS is defined and

summarized as a highly organized and
competitive physical skill activity with
INTRODUCTION TO SPORTS
• Some activities requiring skills such as air performance,
board games, card games, wheels racing, and water-
boat racing are likewise categorized as sports only if
recognized by the International Olympic Committee
(IOC).

• Non-competitive activities, for example as jogging,

playing like throwing and catching, leisure dancing,
doing arts and crafts, nature-trip activities are usually
classified as forms of recreation.
DEFINITION
OF SPORTS
I N T E R N E T- B A S E D SPORTS
DICTIONARIES

define sports as an organized,

competitive, entertaining, and
movement activity requiring
commitment, discipline, strategy,
and fair play, in which a winner
can be defined by objective
means. It is governed by a set of
rules or customs.
E T Y M O L O G I C A L LY SPORTS

the term sport comes from the old

French disports meaning leisure
which is done during free time.
AMERICAN ENGLISH SPORTS

uses the term sports to refer to

this general type of recreational
activity.
PERSIAN
SPORTS

word sport is based on the root

word meaning winning.
YA H O O R E F E R E N C E SPORTS
D I C T I O N A RY

defined “sport as an activity

involving physical exertion and
skill that is governed by a set of
rules or customs and often
undertaken competitively.”
ENGLISH 1300 SPORTS

oldest definition of sport is of

anything humans find amusing or
entertaining.
ROGET’S (N.D.) SPORTS

defines the noun sport as an

“activity for relaxation and
amusement” with synonymous
including diversion and
recreation.
LU M P K I N ( 1 9 9 8 ) SPORTS

defined sports as a physical

activities governed by formal and
informal rules that involve
competition against an opponent
or oneself and are engage in for
fun, recreation, or reward.
CL ASSIFICATI
ON OF
SPORTS
ACCORDING TO PLAYER’S
COMPOSITION

• consist of 1 • consist of • consist of

player duo / pair three (3) or
against an against more
opponent another 2 players per
players team
INDIVIDUA
DUAL TEAM
L
ACCORDING TO LEVEL

• pertains to a proletarian /
popular type of sports
AMATEUR consisting of one player or
more acting as ambassador of
a place competing in a highly
organized game.

PROFESSIONA • is a popular profitable type of

L sport elevated as an
entertainment
GENERAL
CL ASSIFICAT
ION OF
SPORTS
 ATHLETICS
RUNNING EVENTS

JUMPING EVENTS

THROWING EVENTS
BALL SPORTS
 MUAY THAI
JUJITSU

SPORTS
MM
A
BOXING
FENCING

TAEKWOND KARATED
O O
JUDO
SAMBO

WRESTLIN
SNOOKE
R

CUE SPORTS
BILLIARD
S
CLUB AND BALL
SPORTS
GOLF
 DANCE SPORTS
STANDARD

AND LATIN

DANCE

SPORTS
EXTREME SPORTS
MOTORCROSS

BMX
 GYMNASTICS
ARTISTIC AND

RHYTHMIC

GYMNASTICS
MIND SPORTS
CHESS
MOTOR SPORTS
MOTORCROSS
 RACKET SPORTS
BADMINTON

LAWN TENNIS

TABLE TENNIS
RIDING SPORTS
EQUESTRIAN
 TARGET SPORTS
SHOOTING AND
RIFFLE / GUN SHOOTING

ARCHERY
WATER SPORTS
SWIMMING
WEIGHTS SPORTS
WEIGHTLIFTING
WINTER SPORTS
FIGURE / ICE
WHEELS SPORTS
CYCLING
BENEFITS
OF
PL AYING
SPORTS
 Chance
Develop
BENEFI at sports
emotional traits
scholars
and personality
hip

Encoura
ge goal
Develop physical setting
and mental skills and
achievin
g goals
TS
Health
Improve
and
academic
fitness
performance
benefits
 Improve
Socialization
BENEFI body
physique

Pleasure Profit
(Satisfaction)

Less risk
TS
of
Professional cigarette
growth , drug
and
alcohol
use
 BRIEF
HISTORY OF
BASKETBALL
“ B A S K E T B A L L I S A G A M E E A S Y T O P L AY A N D
D I F F I C U LT T O M A S T E R ”
- JAMES NAISMITH
• Basketball is not the evolution from an ancient
game or another sport.
• JAMES NAISMITH invented the basketball in
1891 at Springfield College Massachusetts.
• 1891 – while working as a physical education
teacher at the YMCA International Training
School in the United States, Naismith was faced
with the problem of finding in
14 days an indoor game to
provide “athletic distraction”
for the students at the School for
• Naismith recalled the concept of a game of his
school days known as dock-on-a-rock that involved
accuracy attempting to knock a “duck” off the
top of a large rock by tossing another rock at it.

• Starting from there, Naismith developed

a set of 13 rules that gave origin to the
game of basketball. This first set of rules
was published and distributed through
the YMCA movement in 1892

• visit www.thebasketballworld.com/history.htm
• The first game was played with a soccer ball and
two peach baskets nailed 10-feet high used as
goals, on a court just half the size of a present-day
court.

• Baskets retained their bottoms so balls scored into

the basket had to be poked out with a long dowel
each time and dribbling was not part of the original
game.

• Changes to the game to suit the girls led

to the first rules of netball being
• The first team had 9 players (three forwards, three
centers and three guards). Later on, five players was
selected as the best number (two forwards, two
guards and one center).

• 1915 – joint basketball rules committee followed by

52 countries played by two teams.
• 1931 – FIBA (Fédération Internationale de
Basketball) , the International Basketball Federation
was formed with a Welshman as its first secretary.
• 1936 – basketball was first used in Olympic Games
in Berlin.
• 1950 – Tony Hinkle designed the current orange ball
that is in use today.
• In the Philippines, the Philippine Basketball
Association’s first game was played on April 9, 1975.

“Basketball leaves its impression on

our lifestyle, our clothes and our
fashion and not just for young people”
- Frazier (1998)
 EQUIPMENT
AND
FACILITIES OF
BASKETBALL
THE COURT
 SIDELINES are the two boundaries
lines running the length of the court.
Their location is determined by the
length of the court, which is normally
28m (94ft).
 Baseline/Endline runs from sideline
to sideline behind the backboard at
the ends of the court. They are
located four feet behind the basket,
and normally have a width of 15m
(50ft). Baseline and Endline are
interchangeable terms depending
upon which team has ball position.
Baseline is used for the offensive end
of the court. Endline is used for the
back court or defensive end of the
court.
 Mid court line divides the court in
half. Offensively, once the ball
crosses the Mid Court Line, it
becomes a boundary line reducing
the offensive playing area to just half
of the court. Also, on most levels,
the offensive team only has 8 to 10
seconds to advance the ball across
the mid court line.
 Field Goals made from outside this
Three Point Line or arc count as
three points. The distance of the
three point line from the basket
varies according to the different
levels of play (0.90 m from the inner
edge of the sidelines) and (an arc of
radius 6.75 m).
 This line is used as a boundary line
when shooting free throws. It is
fifteen feet away from the
backboard. On a free throw attempt,
the shooter cannot step on or across
this line until the ball strikes the rim.
The free throw line is also used in
defining the three second area.
 The free throw circles have a
diameter of 12 feet. They come into
play on free throws and jump balls.
During a free throw attempt, the
shooter must remain inside the free
throw circle. On jump balls, non-
jumpers must remain outside the
circle until the ball is tapped by one
of the jumpers.
 Lane lines are boundaries running
from the free throw line to the
baseline. The width and shape of the
lane lines vary on different levels of
the game. The lane lines also contain
lane spaces markings used to align
and separate the non-shooters. The
first lane space, on both sides of the
basket, are occupied by the opposing
team from the free throw shooter.
Non-shooters cannot step into the
three second area until the ball
leaves the free throw shooter's hand.
 The Center Circle is a 12 foot
diameter circle located in the center
of the court. It is used to start the
game and other jump ball situations.
On jump balls, non-jumpers must
remain outside the circle until the
ball is tapped by one of the jumpers.
BACKBOARD
BALL

Official size of basketball is 29.5 inches in

circumference for men’s game and 28.5
inches in circumference for women’s game. It
should weigh 18 to 22 ounces and bounce
49 to 54 inches in height.
GAME CLOCK

A high
NBAschool
consists
basketball
of four 12game
minute
consists
quarters
of four 8and
minute
each team
quarters
receives
and each
6 full
team
timeouts
receives
(33perfull
half)
(1minute)
and two time
20
outs
second
and 2 timeouts
half (30seconds)
(one pertime
half).
outs.
 MANUAL
SCOREBOARD
ELECTRONIC
SCOREBOARD
POSSESSION
ARROWS
WHISTLE

Coach or referee uses a whistle to

indicate the start or end of a game,
fouls, timeout or out of bound balls
to the players.
UNIFORM

Playing attire must be comfortable and

will allow for free and better movement.
Footwear gives better feet support to
prevent occurrence of injuries.
TERMINOLOGI
ES USED IN
BASKETBALL
The fundamental skills of transferring
the ball without dribbling. It is the key
to successful basketball.

Helps find an open man, to find a

good shooter to get away from a
defender.

PASSING
The act of advancing the ball by
bouncing it on the floor.

Important to penetrate to the hoop, move

the ball cross the court, get away from the
defense and find a good passing lane.

DRIBBLING
The most important skill that need to
be learned first. The act of receiving
the ball with both hands.

CATCHING
The act of attempting to score points by
throwing the ball through the basket, methods
varying with players and situations.

SHOOTING
The act of gaining control of a missed
shot comes off the backboard or rim.

The team who has the most number of

rebounds after the game has more
shot attempts and chances to score.

REBOUNDING
an infraction of the rules concerning
illegal personal contact with an opponent
and or unsportsmanlike behaviour.

FOUL
Occurs for infractions of the rules
that do not involve contact with an
opponent.

VIOLATIONS
The official most responsible for the
conduct of the game.

REFEREE
A shot also known as the trifecta, the
trey, the triple, that is taken from shot
beyond the arc or three point line.

THREE
POINT
SHOT
to make contact with an opposing
player to establish rebounding position
between the player and the ball.

BLOCKING
OUT
A team’s frontcourt consist of its
team’s own basket.

BACKCOURT
a team’s backcourt consists of the
opponent’s basket.

FRONTCOUR
T
illegal personal contact with or
without the ball, by pushing or
moving into an opponent’s torso.

CHARGING
illegal personal contact which
impedes the progress of an opponent
with or without the ball.

BLOCKIN
G
illegal personal contact with an
opponent that interferes with his
freedom of movement.

HOLDING
illegal personal contact with any part of the
body which a player forcibly moves or
attempts to move an opponent with or
without control of the ball.

PUSHING
A sudden running movement to get
open for a pass.

CUT
The stance used to play help – side
defense.

OPEN
STANCE
A violation that occurs when the player
with the ball takes three steps and more
without dribbling, dragging your pivot foot.

TRAVELING
The method of putting the ball into
play.

JUMPBALL
BASIC RULES
AND
REGUL ATIONS
  12 players for each team
 5 obligatory number of players
TEAM

inside the court

 A substitute becomes a player
S

and a player becomes substitute

when the officials beckons the
substitute to enter the playing
court and during a time-out or an
interval of play, a substitute
requests the substitution to the
R E G U L AT I O N PLAYING TIME

 A game consist of four (4)

periods (Quarter) of ten minutes
play.
S

 20 minutes interval before the

game is scheduled to begin.
 2 minutes interval for each
quarter.
 There shall be a half-time
R E G U L AT I O N STATUS OF THE BALL

The ball becomes alive when:

• Jumpball - the ball leaves the
hand(s) of the crew chief on the
S

toss
• Free throw - the ball is at the
disposal of the free-throw shooter
• Throw – in - the ball is at the
disposal of the player taking the
R E G U L AT I O N STATUS OF THE BALL

The ball becomes dead when:

• Successful shot is made.

S

• An official blows his whistle

while the ball is alive.
• End of the period.
• The twenty four (24) second
clock signal sounds.
R E G U L AT I O N STATUS OF THE BALL

The ball becomes dead when:

• It is apparent that the ball will

S

not enter the basket on a free

throw which is to be followed by:
*another free throw (s)
*a further penalty (free throw (s))
or possession).
 PLAYER OUT-OF-
V I O L AT I O N S BOUNDS

A player is out-of-bounds
when any part of his body is
in contact with the floor, or
any object other than a
player above, on or outside
the boundary line.
 BALL OUT-OF-
V I O L AT I O N S BOUNDS
The ball is out-of-bounds when it
touches: • A player or any other
person who is out-of-bounds.
• The floor or any object
above, on or outside the boundary
line.
• The backboard supports, the
back of the backboards or any
V I O L AT I O N S DRIBBLING

A player shall not dribble a second

time after his first dribble has
ended unless between the (2)
dribbles he has lost control of a live
ball on the playing court because
of:

• A shot for a field goal.

• A touch of the ball by an
V I O L AT I O N S TRAVELLING

The illegal movement of one foot or

both feet beyond the limits while
holding a live ball on the playing
court.

A pivot is the legal movement in

which a player holding a live ball
steps once or more than once in
any direction with the same foot.
V I O L AT I O N S 3 SECONDS

 A player shall not

remain in the opponents’
restricted area for more
than three (3) consecutive
seconds while his team is
in control of a live ball in
the frontcourt and the
game clock is running.
V I O L AT I O N S CLOSELY GUARDED PLAYER

 A player who is holding a live

ball is closely guarded when an
opponent is in active legal
guarding position at a distance of
no more than 1m.

A closely guarded player must

pass, shoot or dribble the ball
V I O L AT I O N S 8 SECONDS

 On a throw-in, the
team of that player taking
the throw-in remains in
control of the ball in its
backcourt.
 24
V I O L AT I O N S SECONDS

 On a throw-in, the
team of that player taking
the throw-in remains in
control of the ball, the
team must attempt a shot
for a filed goal within 24
seconds.
 BALL RETURNED TO THE
V I O L AT I O N S BACKCOURT

 A team which is in
control of a live ball in its
frontcourt may not cause
the ball to be illegally
returned to its backcourt.
V I O L AT I O N S GOALTENDING

 Occurs during a shot

for a free throw when a
player touches the ball
while it is in flight to the
basket and before it
touches the ring.
 INTERFERENC
V I O L AT I O N S E

 After a shot or last free

throw, a player touches
the basket or backboard
while the ball is in contact
with the ring.
 CYLINDER PRINCIPLE
C O N TA C T
 defined as the space
within an imaginary
cylinder occupied by a
player on the floor.
 PRINCIPLE OF
C O N TA C T VERTICALITY

 it protects the space on

the floor which the player
occupies and the space
above him when he jumps
vertically within that
space.
 LEGAL GUARDING
C O N TA C T POSITION

 For defensive player

facing his opponent and
both feet on the floor, he
may raise his arms and
hands above his head but
must maintain them in
vertical position.
 SCREENING: LEGAL & ILLEGAL
C O N TA C T
 Legal – stationary and
had both feet on the
floor

 Illegal – moving, did not

give sufficient distance
in setting a screen
outside the field of
vision of a stationary
 CONTACT WITH THE HANDS
C O N TA C T
 Not necessarily a foul
but if contact restricts
the freedom of
movement of an
opponent, such contact
is a foul
 FAKE BEING FOULED
C O N TA C T
 Any action by a player to
simulate that he has
been fouled in order to
create an opinion of
being fouled.
 PERSONAL
FOULS FOUL

 A player’s illegal
contact with an opponent
whether the ball is live or
dead.
 DOUBLE FOUL
FOULS

 A situation in which 2
opponents commit
personal fouls on each
other at approximately the
same time.
 TECHNICAL FOUL

 Any deliberate or repeated

FOULS

non-cooperation or non-
compliance with the spirit and
proper conduct of the game
shall be considered as a
technical foul.
 A player non-contact foul of a
behavioral nature.
 UNSPORTSMANLIKE
FOULS FOUL

 A player contact foul which

came in the judgement of an
official.
 The official must interpret the
unsportsmanlike fouls
consistently throughout the
game and to judge only the
 DISQUALIFYING FOUL
FOULS
 Any flagrant unsportsmanlike
action by players, substitutes,
head coaches, assistant
coaches, excluded players
and accompanying delegation
members.
 FIGHTING
FOULS
A physical interaction
between 2 or more opponents
and who leave the confines of
the team bench area during a
fight or during any situation
which may lead to a fight.
 DUTIES AND
RESPONSIBILI
TIES OF
PL AYERS
POINT GUARD The quarterback on
o ff e n s e , t h e p o i n t g u a r d ’ s
traditional role is to push
the ball up court and start
t h e o ff e n s i v e p l ay, e i t h e r
by dribble penetration
into the court or by
passing. The point guard
i s t h e c o a c h i n t h e fl o o r
a n d h e s e t s p l ay f o r h i s
teammates.
 The shooting guard, known
as the two-guard, is not
SHOOTING
GUARD necessarily a good ball
h a n d l e r. H o w e v e r, h e i s
normally the team’s best
p e r i m e t e r s h o o t e r. B e i n g a
p r o fi c i e n t s h o o t e r s , t h e s e
p l ay e r s h a v e b e e n p r i n c i p a l
b e n e fi c i a r i e s o f t h e t h r e e -
point line. That has raised
their importance in the
game.
S M A L L F O RWA R D
Small forward must be
able to create points
from perimeter and
inside the point. They are
a l l p u r p o s e p l ay e r s i n
o ff e n s e a n d s h o u l d b e
too tall, physically or
tenacious for a defense’s
two – guard to handle.
F O RWA R D The power forward known
as the rugged rebounder
POWER

of the team but athletic

to move with some
degree of agility around
the pointed area
o ff e n s i v e l y a n d
d e f e n s i v e l y.
CENTER Ty p i c a l l y t h e t a l l e s t
p l ay e r o n t h e t e a m , t h e
center should be able to
u p o ff e n s i v e l y. T h a t i s .
Receiving the ball with his
b a c k t o t h e b a s ke t a n d
use a pivot moves to hit a
variety of short jumpers,
hook shots and dunks.