Scribd
Upload
39 views

Unit 1 Word- The Definition and Criteria

The document outlines the definition of a word, its formation mechanisms, and the evolution of language with new words being added regularly. It discusses various methods of word formation such as derivation, compounding, and blending, along with examples and notable neologists. The document also highlights the importance of words in communication and their role as building blocks of language.

Uploaded by

johnaljenllonado91
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
39 views

Unit 1 Word- The Definition and Criteria

The document outlines the definition of a word, its formation mechanisms, and the evolution of language with new words being added regularly. It discusses various methods of word formation such as derivation, compounding, and blending, along with examples and notable neologists. The document also highlights the importance of words in communication and their role as building blocks of language.

Uploaded by

johnaljenllonado91
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 49

WELCO

to MC Ling 3
ME
Class!
Opening
Prayer
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oEpTsXAm4SE
Brain
Energiz
er
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-TSIC-eOopA
UNIT 1
WORD: The
Definition and
Criteria
LEARNING
OBJECTIVES
01
discuss how
words are
02
reflect on how
word meaning
formed, its changes when
mechanism, used in varied
and process; contexts
OUTLI
01. Definition of a

NE
Word
02. Word Formation,
Mechanism and
Process
03.
Conclusion/Synthesis
DEFINITIO
A word is the smallest unit

N OF A
of language that carries
meaning and can function
independently or as part of

WORD
a sentence. Words can be
spoken, written, or signed
and are essential building
blocks of communication.
ABOUT
THE
DEFINIT
Several
scholars and
ION
linguists have
defined words What i s a wo rd?

in various
ways:
Several scholars and
linguists have defi ned words
in various ways:
01. Traditional

02. Linguistic

03. Structure
TRADITI LINGUIS
ONAL TIC
A word is a
meaningful unit of
speech or writing
A word is a
sequence of
sounds (or letters)
that can stand that forms a lexical
alone or combine item,
with other words. distinguishable by
its pronunciation,
meaning, and
grammatical use.
STRUCT
URAL
A word is a unit that cannot be
further divided without losing
its meaning.
WORD
FORMATI
ON
QUIDE
QUESTION
1. How are words
formed?
1.How many new words
are created every
day?
S
3. What are some
mechanisms in forming
new words?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ytr
28t5VzAs
How words are

formed?
The re are ove r a mill ion
words at our disposal, yet
1000 new words are added
up to the lexicon each
year. (Bodle, 2016).
• Language continually evolves, with dictionaries
regularly updating to reflect new words and usages.
Here are some notable additions from recent years:
1.brat (noun)
Meaning: A confident, independent, and hedonistic young
person.
Year Added: 2024

Example Sentence: Embracing her inner brat, she spent the


summer
traveling solo and indulging in new
experiences.
2. polarization (noun)

Meaning: The division into two sharply contrasting groups


or sets of
opinions or beliefs.
Year Added: 2024

Example Sentence: The recent election highlighted the


increasing
polarization within the country.
3. digital nomad (noun)

Meaning: Someone who performs their occupation


entirely over the Internet while traveling; especially such
a person who has no permanent fixed home address.
Year Added: 2021

Example Sentence: As a digital nomad, she worked from


cafes in
different countries every month.
4. chillax (verb)

Meaning: To chill and relax at the same time; to take it


easy.
Year Added to Dictionary: 1999 (Oxford English
Dictionary), but it became more widely recognized in
2003-2004.

Example Sentence: After a long week at work, I'm just


going to chillax
at home and watch some movies.
5. whatevs (interjection)

Meaning: To chill and relax at the same time; to take it


easy.
Year Added to Dictionary: 1999 (Oxford English
Dictionary), but it became more widely recognized in
2003-2004.

Example Sentence: She asked if I wanted to go shopping,


and
I just said, ‘Whatevs, I don’t really
mind.
Global Language Monitor (GLM) documented,
analyzed and tracked trends in language usage
worldwide, announced in its mid-year update that
Covid is the Top Word of 2020.
FAMOUS NEOLOGISTS
1. JOHN MILTON

– invented 630 words


-considered as the
“greatest neologist”
FAMOUS NEOLOGISTS
2. BEN JOHNSON

– invented 558
words
– was an English
playwright and poet.
FAMOUS NEOLOGISTS
3. JOHN DONNE

– was an English
poet, scholar, soldier
and secretary
– invented 342
words
FAMOUS NEOLOGISTS
4. WILLIAM
SHAKESPEARE

– was an English
playwright,
poet and actor.
– invented 229 words
13
Mechanisms
on How
Words are
13 MECHANISMS x

Derivation Back Compoundi Repurposing Conversio


Formation ng n

Eponyms Abbreviatio Loanwords Onomatopoei Reduplicatio


ns a n

Nonce Error Blending


Words
1. DERIVATION
-Adding prefixes or suffixes to a base word.

Examples: happy → unhappy (prefix "un-")


kind → kindness (suffix "-ness")
realization (1610) (n.) from realize + -action.
"action of making real"
Because of the pandemic, there is a growing
realization that changes in our lifestyle need to be
made.
1. DERIVATION
-Adding prefixes or suffixes to a base word.

hyperlink (1987) (n.) from hyper+link "an


electronic link that gives direct access from a
marked place in a hypertext or hypermedia
document to another.

Hyperlink is a highlighted text on a page that


links that page to another.
2. BACK FORMATION
-It is forming new words (neologism) by extracting the
actual or supposed affixes from another word.

Examples: sculpt (from sculptor), proofread (from


proofreading), scavenge (scavenger) babysit (from
babysitting) editor → edit, donation → donate
I need to proofread a lot of articles tonight.
She loves to edit videos for her YouTube channel.
3. COMPOUNDING
Combining two or more words to form a new
one.

Examples: notebook = note + book


toothpaste = tooth + paste

Sentence: I always carry a notebook to jot


down my
ideas.
4. REPURPOSING
-word formed by taking a word from one
context and
applying it in another context.

Examples: computer mouse (taken after a


long -
tailed animal called mouse)

Sentence: She bought a new mouse for her


laptop.
- 5. CONVERSION
Transplanting one word class to another by
taking a word.
Examples:
1. Words that serve as a verb as well as a noun,
like friend.
Why don't you friend mе?
2. Words can serve as noun as well as an
adjective, like giant.
I saw a giant dog just outside our house.
Google (noun) → "I will Google it" (verb), Text
(noun) →
6. EPONYMS
-words derived from a person’s name.

Examples: sandwich (from the Earl of


Sandwich),
diesel (from Rudolf Diesel)

Sentence: He ordered a sandwich with ham


and cheese
for lunch.
7. ABBREVIATIONS
-There are three main subtypes:
clippings, acronyms and initialisms.

Clipping is cutting of the beginning or


the end of a word or both leaving a part
to stand for the whole.
7. ABBREVIATIONS (Clipping)
Back-clipped - are words that lose their
forepart. It is removing the word like exam
for examination and lab for laboratory.

Fore-clipping - the beginning of a word is


removed like plane for airplane and phone
for telephone.
7. ABBREVIATIONS (Clipping)
Middle clipping - the middle of a word is
retained like flu from influenza.

Complex clipping - multiple parts from


multiple words is removed as in sitcom from
situation comedy.
7. ABBREVIATIONS
Acronyms are words formed by the initials or
succession of beginning segments of words.
They are pronounced as single words.
Examples:
Interpol (International Criminal Police
Organization)
radar (radio detecting and ranging)
NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)
7. ABBREVIATIONS
Initialism means building a word from the
initial letters in a phrase or name. They are
read as sequence of letters.

Examples:
FBI = Federal Bureau of Investigation
ATM = Automated Teller Machine
8. LOANWORDS
-adopting words from other languages.

Example: tsunami (from Japanese)


ballet (from French)

Sentence: The earthquake triggered a


massive tsunami
along the coast.
s

9. ONOMATOPOEIA
-refers to the creation of a word by imitating
the sound
it makes.

Example: buzz, bang, meow

Sentence: I heard the loud bang of fireworks


outside.
s

10. REDUPLICATION
-repeating a word or sound for emphasis.

Examples: bye-bye, chit-chat, crisscross

Sentence: The baby waved and said bye-bye


to her
mother.
s

11. NONCE WORDS


-are words that are created for a specific occasion,
situation, or context and may not become a permanent
part of the language. These words are often used in
literature, advertising, or casual speech but may
disappear over time.
Examples: “truthiness" (Coined by Stephen Colbert,
meaning something that feels true but isn’t necessarily
factual)
Sentence: His speech was full of truthiness, but he had
no real evidence to support it.
s

12. ERROR
-misspellings, mishearing, mispronunciations
and
mistranscriptions lead to new forms in
conjunction with other mechanisms.

Examples: scramble, for example, originated


as a variant of scrabble; but over time, they
both have taken different meanings
s

13. BLENDING
-is taking two or more words, removing parts
of each and joining the residues together to
create a new word whose meaning is taken
from the source words.

Examples: webinar = worldwide web +


seminar
brunch = breakfast + lunch
smog = smoke + fog
Sentence: Let’s meet for brunch at 11 AM
this Sunday.
Lets’
Work
it Out!
WORD
Look for a word online. Tell its
HUNT
meaning or definition, mechanism,
and use it in a sentence.
https://docs.google.com/document/d/17_q67UnnOSizbq5rNIQnGf1jTwQU2OGMdRL4JZpa

XUQ/edit?usp=sharing
Let us
synthesiz
e
THANK
YOU!
www.reallygreatsite.com

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xBQEycC9Y5Y

You might also like