Mobile Application Development

Unit- 3

Ms.P.N.Randive
Computer Department
N.M.P.I,Peth
 Android Application Directory Structure

• some important files/folders, and their for the easy

understanding of the Android studio work environment are
shown in following figure.
• AndroidManifest.xml
• Java
• Res
• Drawable
• Layout
• Mipmap
• AndroidManifest.xml:
• Every project in Android includes a manifest file, which is
AndroidManifest.xml, stored in the root directory of its project
hierarchy.
• The manifest file is an important part of our app because it defines
the structure and metadata of our application, its components, and
its requirements.
• This file includes nodes for each of the Activities, Services, Content
Providers and Broadcast Receiver that make the application and
using Intent Filters and Permissions, determines how they co-
ordinate with each other and other applications.
• Java:
• The Java folder contains the Java source code files. These
files are used as a controller for controlled UI (Layout file).
It gets the data from the Layout file and after processing
that data output will be shown in the UI layout. It works
on the backend of an Android application.
• drawable:
• A Drawable folder contains resource type file (something that can
be drawn). Drawables may take a variety of file like Bitmap (PNG,
JPEG), Nine Patch, Vector (XML), Shape, Layers, States, Levels, and
Scale.

• layout:
• A layout defines the visual structure for a user interface, such as
the UI for an Android application. This folder stores Layout files
that are written in XML language.
• <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
• <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
• android:layout_width="match_parent"
• android:layout_height="match_parent"
• android:orientation="vertical" >
• <TextView android:id="@+id/text"
• android:layout_width="wrap_content"
• android:layout_height="wrap_content"
• android:text="Hello, I am a TextView" />
• <Button android:id="@+id/button"
• android:layout_width="wrap_content"
• android:layout_height="wrap_content"
• android:text="Hello, I am a Button" />
• </LinearLayout>
• mipmap:
• Mipmap folder contains the Image Asset file that can be used in
Android Studio application. You can generate the icon types like
Launcher icons, Action bar and tab icons, and Notification icons.
• colors.xml:
• colors.xml file contains color resources of the Android application.
Different color values are identified by a unique name that can be
used in the Android application program.
• Below is a sample colors.xml file:

• <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

• <resources>
• <color name="colorPrimary">#3F51B5</color>
• <color name="colorPrimaryDark">#303F9F</color>
• </resources>
• strings.xml:
• The strings.xml file contains string resources of the Android
application. The different string value is identified by a unique name
that can be used in the Android application program. This file also
stores string array by using XML language.

• Below is a sample strings.xml file:

• <resources>
• <string name="app_name">MM Polytechnic</string>
• </resources>
• styles.xml:
• The styles.xml file contains resources of the theme style in the
Android application. This file is written in XML language. Below is a
sample styles.xml file:
• <resources>
• <!-- Base application theme. -->
• <style name="AppTheme"
parent="Theme.AppCompat.Light.DarkActionBar">
• <!-- Customize your theme here. -->
• <item
name="colorPrimary">@color/colorPrimary</item>
• <item
name="colorPrimaryDark">@color/colorPrimaryDark</item>
• </style>
• </resources>
• build.gradle(Module: app):
• This defines the module-specific build configurations. Here you can
add dependencies what you need in your Android application.
 Components of Screen

• Application components are the essential building blocks of an

Android application. These components are loosely coupled by the
application manifest file AndroidManifest.xml that describes each
component of the application and how they interact.

• Interface elements include but are not limited to:

• Input Controls: checkboxes, radio buttons, dropdown lists, list
boxes, buttons, toggles, text fields, date field
• Navigational Components: breadcrumb, slider, search field,
pagination, slider, tags, icons
• Informational Components: tooltips, icons, progress bar,
notifications, message boxes, modal windows
• Containers: accordion
 Fundamentals of UI Design
• Android introduces some new terminology for familiar
programming metaphors
• ❑ Views- Views are the basic User Interface class for visual
interface elements (commonly known as controls or widgets). All
User Interface controls, and the layout classes, are derived from
Views.
• ❑ ViewGroups- View Groups are extensions of the View class that
can contain multiple child Views. By extending the ViewGroup class,
you can create compound controls that are made up of
interconnected child Views. The ViewGroup class is also extended to
provide the layout managers, such as LinearLayout, that help you
compose User Interfaces.
• ❑ Activities- Activities represent the window or screen being
displayed to the user. Activities are the Android equivalent of a
Form. To display a User Interface, you assign a View or layout to an
Activity. Android provides several common UI controls, widgets, and
layout managers.
 Layouts
• It is a type of resource which gives definition on what is drawn on
the screen or how elements are placed on the device’s screen and
stored as XML files in the /res/layout resource directory for the
application. It can also be a type of View class to organize other
controls.
• There are many types of layout. Some of which are listed below −
• Linear Layout
• Absolute Layout
• Table Layout
• Frame Layout
• Relative Layout
 LINEAR LAYOUT
• Linear layout is further divided into horizontal and vertical layout. It
means it can arrange views in a single column or in a single row.
Here is the code of linear layout(vertical) that includes a text view.
• A layout that organizes its children into a single horizontal or
vertical row. It creates a scrollbar if the length of the window
exceeds the length of the screen
 Linear Layout
• <?xml version=”1.0” encoding=”utf-8”?>

• <LinearLayout
xmlns:android=”http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android”
android:layout_width=”fill_parent” android:layout_height=”fill_parent”
android:orientation=”vertical” >
• <TextView

• android:layout_width=”fill_parent”
android:layout_height=”wrap_content”
• android:text=”@string/hello” />

• </LinearLayout>
 ABSOLUTELAYOUT
• The AbsoluteLayout enables you to specify the exact location of its
children. It can be declared like this.
• <AbsoluteLayout
• android:layout_width=”fill_parent”
android:layout_height=”fill_parent”
xmlns:android=”http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android” >
• <Button
• android:layout_width=”188dp”
android:layout_height=”wrap_content” android:text=”Button”
android:layout_x=”126px” android:layout_y=”361px” />
• </AbsoluteLayout>
 TABLELAYOUT

The TableLayout groups views into rows and columns. It can be declared
like this.

<TableLayout xmlns:android=”http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android”
android:layout_height=”fill_parent” android:layout_width=”fill_parent” >
<TableRow>
<TextView android:text=”User Name:” android:width =”120dp” />
<EditText android:id=”@+id/txtUserName” android:width=”200dp” />
</TableRow> </TableLayout>
 RELATIVELAYOUT
• RelativeLayout enforces to display elements in relations to each other.
You can specify that, for instance, one UI element can be said to be
placed on the left of another element, or on the bottom of another etc.
Each UI element can also be positioned according to the layout’s borders
(e.g. aligned to the right)
 RELATIVELAYOUT
• It can be declared like this.

• <RelativeLayout
• android:id=”@+id/RLayout”
• android:layout_width=”fill_parent”
• android:layout_height=”fill_parent”
• xmlns:android=”http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android” >
• </RelativeLayout>
 FRAMELAYOUT
• The FrameLayout is a placeholder on screen that you can use to
display a single view. It can be declared like this.

• <?xml version=”1.0” encoding=”utf-8”?>

• <FrameLayout
• android:layout_width=”wrap_content”
• android:layout_height=”wrap_content”
• android:layout_alignLeft=”@+id/lblComments”
• android:layout_below=”@+id/lblComments”
• android:layout_centerHorizontal=”true” >
• <ImageView android:src = “@drawable/droid”
• android:layout_width=”wrap_content”
• android:layout_height=”wrap_content” />
• </FrameLayout>
 OTHER ATTRIBUTES THAT ARE COMMON IN ALL VIEWS AND VIEWGROUPS
Sr.No View & description

1 layout_width
Specifies the width of the View or ViewGroup
2 layout_height
Specifies the height of the View or ViewGroup
3 layout_marginTop
Specifies extra space on the top side of the View or ViewGroup

4 layout_marginBottom
Specifies extra space on the bottom side of the View or ViewGroup

5 layout_marginLeft
Specifies extra space on the left side of the View or ViewGroup

6 layout_marginRight
Specifies extra space on the right side of the View or ViewGroup

7 layout_gravity
Specifies how child Views are positioned
8 layout_weight
Specifies how much of the extra space in the layout should be allocated to the View