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Polynomials PPT

Chapter 02 covers polynomials, including their definitions, types, and the relationship between zeroes and coefficients. It explains the geometrical meaning of zeroes, problem-solving techniques, and provides examples for linear, quadratic, and cubic polynomials. The chapter also includes exercises for finding zeroes and verifying relationships between zeroes and coefficients.

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V Syamala Santoshi
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
16 views

Polynomials PPT

Chapter 02 covers polynomials, including their definitions, types, and the relationship between zeroes and coefficients. It explains the geometrical meaning of zeroes, problem-solving techniques, and provides examples for linear, quadratic, and cubic polynomials. The chapter also includes exercises for finding zeroes and verifying relationships between zeroes and coefficients.

Uploaded by

V Syamala Santoshi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 02

Polynomials
INDEX
S. Date Topic/Sub Topic Page number
no
1 25/02/2025 Polynomials (5 – 6M) 01 - 25
to

• Introduction to polynomials and


types of polynomials

• Geometrical meaning of zeroes of

• Relationship between zeroes and


coefficients of a polynomial

• Problem solving NCERT

• Problem solving (Board questions)


Introduction to polynomials
And
Types of polynomials
Module - 1
𝑥 −2 √ 𝑥+ 4 𝑥 − √ 2 𝑥+ 4
2 2
2
2
𝑥 −
𝑥
𝑥+ 4

Which of the
following are
polynomials?
Polynomial:
An expression of form is called as polynomial.

where:
, , …………, , are terms of polynomial
, , …………, , are coefficients
Degree of polynomial:
The highest value of the power of the variable in the polynomial is the degree
of the polynomial.

 Degree of 2x5 is _________________


 Degree of 3x2y2 is __________________
 Degree if 2x5 + 3x2y2 is ________________
Polynomi
a t i on
s i fi c als
Clas
Of s
m ia l Based on Based on
n o
Poly Terms degree
Zero
Monomia
Binomial polynomi Constant
l
al
Multinom Quadrati
Trinomial Linear
ial c

Biquadra
Cubic
tic
Zeroes of a Polynomial
• If p(x) is a polynomial then the number ‘a’ will be the zero of
the polynomial with p(a) = 0.
• We can find the zero of the polynomial by equating it to zero.

• Ex: p(x) = x - 4
To find the zero of the polynomial we will equate it to zero.
x–4=0
x=4
‘4’ is the zero of p(x).
Zeroes of a Polynomial
• The Zero of the polynomial is
basically the x-intercept of the
polynomial.
• If the polynomial has one zero, it
will intersect the x-axis at one
point only and if it has two
zeroes then it will intersect at
two points and so on.
Know in detail:

1. Degree of zero polynomial is _____________, it’s general form is


______________ and it has ________ zeroes

2. Degree of non-zero constant polynomial is _____________, it’s


general form is ______________ and it has ________ zeroes
Know in detail:

1. Degree of Linear polynomial is _____________, it’s general form


is ______________ and it has atmost ________ zeroes

2. Degree of Quadratic polynomial is ___________, it’s general


form is ______________ and it has atmost ________ zeroes
Know in detail:

1. Degree of Cubic polynomial is _____________, it’s general form


is ______________ and it has atmost ________ zeroes

2. Degree of Bi-quadratic polynomial is ___________, it’s general


form is ______________ and it has atmost ________ zeroes
Geometrical meaning Of
zeroes of Polynomial
Module - 2
Value of Polynomial
• Let p(y) is a polynomial in y and α could be any real number, then the value
calculated after putting the value y = α in p(y) is the final value of p(y) at y =
α.
• This shows that p(y) at y = α is represented by p (α).

Zero of a Polynomial
• If the value of p(y) at y = k is 0, that is p (k) = 0 then y = k will be the zero of
that polynomial p(y).
linear
Polynomial
Linear Polynomial
Let p(x) = x + 5;
y=x+5
x 1 -2 -5 0
y=x+5 6 3 0 5

Theoretical Calculations:
x+5=0
x=–5
‘– 5’ is the zero of p(x)

Use the link for plotting online: https://www.desmos.com/calculator/mhq4hsncnh


Linear Polynomial

Graph of a linear polynomial


is a straight line which
intersects the x-axis at only
one point.
Quadratic
Polynomial
Quadratic Polynomial
Let p(x) = x2 – 2x – 8;
y = x2 – 2x – 8

x -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
y = x2 – 2x – 8 16 7 0 -5 -8 -9 -8 -5 0

Use the link for plotting online: https://www.desmos.com/calculator/mhq4hsncnh


Quadratic Polynomial
Theoretical Calculations:
Let p(x) = x2 – 2x – 8;
x2 – 2x – 8 = 0
x2 – (4 – 2)x – 8 = 0
x2 – 4x + 2x – 8 = 0
x(x – 4) + 2(x – 4) = 0
(x – 4) (x + 2) = 0
x – 4 = 0 and x + 2 = 0
x=4 and x = – 2

4, – 2 are zeroes of p(x).


Quadratic Polynomial

Conclusions:
For the graphs of the polynomial f(x) = x2 – 2x – 8, following observations can be
drawn:
1. The coefficient of x2 in f(x) = x2 – 2x – 8 is 1 (a positive real number) and so
the parabola opens upwards.
2. D = b2 - 4ac = 4 + 32 = 36 > 0. So, the parabola cuts X-axis at two distinct points.
3. On comparing the polynomial x2 - 2x - 8 with ax2 + bx + c, we get a = 1, b = – 2
and c = – 8.
The vertex of the parabola has coordinates (1, -9) i.e
cubic
Polynomial
cubic Polynomial

Let p(x) = x3 – 4x;


y = x3 – 4x

x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
y = x3 – 4x -15 0 3 0 -3 0 1
5
Use the link for plotting online: https://www.desmos.com/calculator/mhq4hsncnh
cubic Polynomial

Theoretical Calculations:
Let p(x) = x3 – 4x;
x3 – 4x = 0
x (x2 – 4) = 0
x = 0, x2 – 4 = 0
x = 0, (x – 2)(x + 2) = 0
x = – 2 , 0, 2

– 2, 0, 2 are zeroes of p(x).


Quadratic
Polynomial
Polynomials
Conclusions from graphs Polynomial

Case 1:
Quadratic Polynomial

Conclusions from graphs of Quadratic Polynomial

Case 2:
Quadratic Polynomial

Conclusions from graphs of Quadratic Polynomial

Case 3:
Quadratic Polynomial

Conclusions from graphs of Quadratic Polynomial

Case 4:
Quadratic Polynomial

Conclusions from graphs of Quadratic Polynomial

Case 5:
Quadratic Polynomial

Conclusions from graphs of Quadratic Polynomial

Case 6:
Quadratic Polynomial

Conclusions from graphs of Quadratic Polynomial

Case 7:
Quadratic Polynomial

Conclusions from graphs of Quadratic Polynomial

Case 8:
Relationship between
zeroes and coefficients of
polynomials
Module - 3
Linear Polynomial

General form:

Number of zeroes:

Zero of Linear Polynomial:


Conclusion:
Quadratic Polynomial

General form:

Number of zeroes:

Zeroes of Quadratic Polynomial:


Quadratic Polynomial
Derivation for relationship:
Polynomial
Important Conclusions
Quadratic Polynomial:

1. Let

2. Let quadratic polynomial, then


Quadratic polynomial = k()
Problem Solving
1. Find the zeroes and verify the relationship between zeroes and coefficients for
the following polynomials:
a.
Problem Solving
1. Find the zeroes and verify the relationship between zeroes and coefficients for
the following polynomials:
b.
Problem Solving
1. Find the zeroes and verify the relationship between zeroes and coefficients for
the following polynomials:
c.
Problem Solving
2. Find the Quadratic polynomial whose sum and product of the zeroes are:
a.
Problem Solving
3. Find the Quadratic polynomial zeroes are:
a.

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