ELECTRICITY AND

MAGNETISM
(GRADE 5)
Prepared by: Felicity Ann D.
Sorolla
BEEd 2-A
LESSON OUTCOMES:
At the end of the lesson,
the learner should have:

• Inferred that electricity can

be used to produce magnets

• Designed an experiment to determine the

factors that affect the strength of the
electromagnet, related the ability of the
material to block, absorb or transmit light
to its use
 ENGAGE
Given the present situation brought by the challenges of COVID-19,
the Department of Education considers radio as the easiest way to
reach out to the learners. Have you ever wondered how the radio
works?
Have you tried using a mixer or a blender in the kitchen? How does a
refrigerator work? How about the washing machine, hair dryer, fan,
and vacuum cleaner? Did you hear a buzzer or doorbell sound? What
about a cellular phone? These devices or machines are examples of
applications of combined effects of electricity and magnetism at work.
Eventually, mankind has learned how to use the relationship between
electricity and magnetism to produce electric currents and to make
machines that would make these devices function by making amazing
changes in the way we live. Through this lesson, you will appreciate
the convenience of life because of electricity and magnetism. The
electric motor is the manifestation of the application of the
 EXPLORE
When current flows through a wire, what
happens to magnetic compasses placed around
the wire?

Materials: 12-inch stiff wire, battery holder,

6 AA batteries, 8-inch insulated wire, 4
small compasses, cardboard box, tape
 PROCEDURE:

1. Poke a hole in the top of the cardboard box and another hole
directly beneath it in the bottom of the box.

2.Insert six batteries into the battery holder.

3.Place the cardboard box on its side and pass the black lead of the
battery holder through the hole in the bottom of the box. This black
lead is connected to the negative end of the battery.

4. Open the cardboard box and insert a stiff wire through the hole in
the top.

5. Carefully wrap .the black battery lead around the end of the stiff
wire, ensuring a secure connection and good contact between the
metal of the lead and the wire. Use tape if necessary.
6. Close the box and tape the stiff wire so that it protrudes
straight up out of the box.
Make sure the black lead is still securely wrapped around the
bottom of the wire.

7. Take one end of a 12" insulated wire and wrap it around the
top portion of the stiff wire, ensuring good contact between
the two.

8. Place four compasses on top of the box, surrounding the

wire as shown to the right.

9. Illustrate the .compasses below. Indicate which direction

they are pointing.
.
.
 In 1820, a physicist in Denmark, named Hans Christian
Oersted, discovered how electronic currents and magnetic
fields are related. However it was just a luckily accident.
Oersted was presenting a demonstration to his student.
Ironically, he was trying to show that electricity and
magnetism are not related. He placed a wire with electric
current flowing through it next to a magnet again, but
nothing happened. After class, student held the wire near
the magnet again, but in a different direction. To Oersted’s
surprise, the pointer of the magnet swung toward the wire
so it was no longer pointing to Earth’s magnetic north pole.
He turned off the current in the wire to see what would
happen to magnet. The pointer swung back to its original
position, pointing north again. Oersted had discovered that
an electric current creates a magnetic field. The magnetic
field created by the current was strong enough to attract
Hans Christian the pointer of the nearby compass. This led to the principle
Oersted of electromagnetism. An electromagnet is a magnet that
can be switched on and off. It is a solenoid with a core, the
strength of an electromagnet can be made stronger by
increasing the number of turns on the core.
  Shortly, after Oersted’s discovery that
electricity produces magnetic fields,
scientists experimented with the opposite
possibility. In 1831, Michael Faraday,
MICHAEL an English scientist, discovered that
FARADAY
a moving wire through a magnetic
field could cause an electric current.
At about the same time, an American
scientist named Joseph Henry made a
similar discovery. A current produced by
a magnetic field is an induced current.

Joseph Henry
ELECTROMAGNETS

 An electromagnet is a type of magnet that

is created by passing an electric current
through a coil of wire. When the current flows
through the wire, it generates a magnetic
field around the coil, turning it into a
temporary magnet. The strength of the
electromagnet can be controlled by varying
the amount of current flowing through the
wire.
Electromagnets have numerous practical
applications. These include:
 Magnetic Cranes: Electromagnets are used in cranes to lift
and move heavy metal objects. By energizing the
electromagnet, the crane can easily pick up and transport
ferromagnetic materials such as iron or steel.

 Magnetic Separators: Electromagnets are employed in

magnetic separators to remove unwanted ferrous materials
from a mixture. The strong magnetic field generated by the
electromagnet attracts and separates the magnetic particles
from the rest of the mixture.
 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): In medical imaging,
MRI machines use powerful electromagnets to produce
detailed images of the human body. These electromagnets
create a strong and uniform magnetic field, allowing for the
precise visualization of internal structures.

 Maglev Trains: Magnetic levitation (maglev) trains use

powerful electromagnets to generate both lift and propulsion.
By using the repulsion and attraction forces between magnets,
maglev trains can travel at high speeds with minimal friction,
resulting in a smooth and efficient transportation system.
Electrical Hazards and Safety
 Electricity is both a boon and a bane. It is very useful, but it
also poses dangers to our lives. These hazards range from
simple electrical shocks to fires that may result in serious
injuries, death and loss of properties.

 Our body is 70 percent water. Water is an excellent

conductor of electricity, Electricity travels easily through the
human body.

 Electricity is important part of our lives that cannot be taken

for granted. To avoid accidents, it is important that we have
basic knowledge on electricity and exercise caution in
dealing with it.
 Our homes are fed with electricity through led wires called lines which
are connected to outlets inside the house. The voltage impressed on
these lines is applied to appliances and other devices that are
connected to parallel to these lines.

 To prevent overloading, fuses are connected to series with the power

supply line, making the entire line current pass it first before reaching
the loads. Fuses are made up of metal ribbon that will heat up and melt
if the current exceeds the critical value. If the ribbon melts, there is a
break in the circuit. Once the fuse is blown out, it must be replaced with
a new one once the source of overloading is determined and remedied.

 Circuits may also be protected by circuit breakers that use magnets and
bimetallic strips to open a switch in case of overloading. Circuit breakers
are often used instead of fuses in modern buildings because they do not
have to be replaced each time the circuit is opened.6
 ELABORATE
Materials: magnet wire (looks like plain copper wire,
but has an enamel coating), scissors or utility blade,
paper clips (not covered with plastic), Size D dry cell
Procedure:
1. Wrap the magnet wire around a circular
object to make a coil. You may use a D-cell
battery as a guide. Try five to 10 loops. Leave
the ends sticking out od the circle, like this.
Q1. Why do you think we have to wrap the wire in a circular loop?

2. Using the edge of scissors or a utility blade, scrape the enamel off one half of
the wire coming out of your loop. Please see the illustration below.

3. Use two paper clips forming a bracket for the arms of the loop. Be careful
though. Sometimes you get plastic-coated paper clips. Those won’t work
Because the plastic will act as an insulator. Make sure you use ordinary paper
clips. Bend one end of each paper clip so it sticks out straight, then tape
the two paper clips to a D-cell battery (a C-cell should work fine too). See the
image below.
4. Now you are ready to start assembling everything. Slide the loop
of wire through the paperclips so the two paper clips support it. You
might need to bend the wire a bit. Make sure the loop can spin freely.
The loop may tend to flip on the one side, but if it is too unbalanced,
you might have a problem. When the bare copper wire in contact
with the paperclip, there will be an electric current in the loop and
also a magnetic field. So, you just need another
magnet to interact with the loop.

5. Hold the magnet over the top of the loop and give the loop a slight
spin.
Hopefully it will continue to spin. If it does not, try flipping
the magnet around and rebalancing the arms on the loop.
With some practice, you ahold get it to work.

If the setup does not work, try making do with what you
have. Experiment with different wires. This is how you
learn. Do not be afraid. You might fail several
times, but once you get it working, it will be
awesome.
THANK YOU!
.