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G12 - LESSON 1 - (GEN.PHYSICS1)

The document provides an overview of fundamental concepts in physics, emphasizing its goal to understand the universe's workings. It outlines essential mathematical tools used in physics, including averages, products of sums and differences, fractions, and the Pythagorean theorem, along with sample problems for practice. Additionally, it introduces scientific notation and rules on exponents for handling large and small numbers in calculations.

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krizzajoybaron32
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4 views

G12 - LESSON 1 - (GEN.PHYSICS1)

The document provides an overview of fundamental concepts in physics, emphasizing its goal to understand the universe's workings. It outlines essential mathematical tools used in physics, including averages, products of sums and differences, fractions, and the Pythagorean theorem, along with sample problems for practice. Additionally, it introduces scientific notation and rules on exponents for handling large and small numbers in calculations.

Uploaded by

krizzajoybaron32
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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12TH GRADE

GENERAL
PHYSICS
1
LESSON
1
PHYSICS
is the most fundamental of the
sciences.
Its goal is to learn how the Universe
works
at the most fundamental level—and
to discover the basic laws by which
it operates.
The major fields of physics are:
• Classical and statistical
mechanics mechanics
• Electricity and • Solid-state
magnetism physics
• Quantum • Plasma physics
mechanics • Atomic, nuclear,
• Optics and particle
• Acoustics. physics
• Thermodynamics • Relativity
12TH GRADE
12TH GRADE

01
LESSON
What are the Basic
Mathematical Tools Used in
Physics? How will You Use
Them?
12TH GRADE
LESSON ONE

Basic
Calculu
01 Mathematic 02 s
al Tools
Scientifi Rules on
03 c 04 Exponents
Notation
12TH GRADE

BASIC MATHEMATICAL
TOOLS
12TH GRADE

BASIC MATHEMATICAL TOOLS

1. AVERAGE
 Is a number that is calculated by adding quantities
together and dividing the total by the number of
quantities.
 It is calculated using the formula:

Average =
12TH GRADE

BASIC MATHEMATICAL TOOLS


AVERAGE
(Sample Problems)
1. The 5 basketball teams scored on their whole set of games with the
scores of 70, 85, 100, 101, 105 Find the average score of the five teams.
2. Find the average of first ten even numbers.
12TH GRADE

BASIC MATHEMATICAL TOOLS

2. PRODUCT OF SUM AND DIFFERENCE


 When you multiply two expressions that share the
same variables a and b but have different
operations (addition and subtraction), you can
express them as a difference of the squares of a
and b.

(a+b).(a−b) = -
12TH GRADE

BASIC MATHEMATICAL TOOLS


PRODUCT OF SUM AND DIFFERENCE
(Sample Problem)

Find the product of the following sets of factor:


1. (2x + 7y) (2x – 7y) =
2. (x + y) (x – y) =
3. (x + 2) (x – 2) =
4. (4x + 5y) (4x – 5y) =
5. (0.1x + 0.5y) (0.1x – 0.5y) =
12TH GRADE

BASIC MATHEMATICAL TOOLS


3. RE-EXPRESSING AND SIMPLIFYING FRACTIONS
3(A). THE DENOMINATOR OF A FRACTION THAT SERVES AS
NUMERATOR, BECOMES A PART OF THE DENOMINATOR OF THE ENTIRE
FRACTION.
 Suppose you have a fraction that contains another fraction as a
numerator. This numerator-fraction has b as its denominator. You can
re-express the fraction as with b as part of the overall denominator.

=
12TH GRADE

BASIC MATHEMATICAL TOOLS


3. RE-EXPRESSING AND SIMPLIFYING
FRACTIONS
3(B). IF A FRACTION SERVES AS A DENOMINATOR, THE
FRACTION’S DENOMINATOR BECOMES PART OF THE ENTIRE
FRACTION’S NUMERATOR.
 The fraction , itself is a denominator of another fraction,
has a denominator c. You can place c as part of the overall
numerator.

=
12TH GRADE

BASIC MATHEMATICAL TOOLS


RE-EXPRESSING AND SIMPLIFYING FRACTIONS
(Sample Problem) – (3A) & (3B)

&
12TH GRADE

BASIC MATHEMATICAL TOOLS

3. CROSS MULTIPLICATION IN A PROPORTION


 Cross multiplication is the multiplication of the
numerator of the first ratio by the denominator of
the second ratio and the multiplication of the
denominator of the first ratio by the numerator of
the second ratio.

If = then a = , b = c = , and d =
12TH GRADE

BASIC MATHEMATICAL TOOLS


Cross Multiplication in a proportion
(Sample Problem)

1. =
2. =
3. If 2 liters of sea water contain 70 grams of salt, how much
salt is in 32 liters of sea water?
4. If it takes 930 kg of food to feed a pair of elephants for 3
days, how much food would you need to feed them for a
week?
12TH GRADE

BASIC MATHEMATICAL TOOLS


5. FACTORING AND DISTRIBUTING
 When a sum involves the addends expressed as the
product of two variables, the variable or coefficient
that is common to both addends can be factored
out.
ab + ac = (a)(b+c)
 Conversely, when an expression is multiplied by a
variable, the variable can be distributed:
12TH GRADE

BASIC MATHEMATICAL TOOLS


FACTORING AND DISTRIBUTING
(Sample Problem)

1. 3 (9r + k) 6. 35x + 20
2. 7 (3 + 11g) 7. –15q – 12
3. 12 (5x + p) 8. 63c + 18
4. 9 (12 + 7w) 9. 7 + 21m
5. 11 (5 + 8q) 10. –3 + 24x
12TH GRADE

BASIC MATHEMATICAL TOOLS

6. AREA OF A TRIANGLE
 It is defined as the total region that is
enclosed by the three sides of any particular
triangle.
 It is one half the length of its base b times
its height h.
A = bh
12TH GRADE

BASIC MATHEMATICAL TOOLS


AREA OF A TRIANGLE
(Sample Problem)

Find the area of each triangle.


1. 2. 3. I
I I
I I
I 8 9 km I
I mm I
8m
I I
I
11 m 16 km
I
6m
A = _______ A = _______
A = _______
12TH GRADE

BASIC MATHEMATICAL TOOLS

7. PYTHAGOREAN THEOREM
7(A). For any right triangle, the
hypotenuse is related to the perpendicular
sides by the Pythagorean Theorem:

a2 + b 2 = c 2
c=
12TH GRADE

BASIC MATHEMATICAL TOOLS


PYTHAGOREAN THEOREM
(Sample Problem) – 7(A)

Find the value of the missing letter.


1. 2. 3.
a=? c = 13 a=6 c = 10

a=3 c=?

b = 12 b=?

b=4
12TH GRADE

BASIC MATHEMATICAL TOOLS


7. PYTHAGOREAN THEOREM
7(B). For a triangle with sides a and b,
hypotenuse c and angle Ѳ between b and c:
12TH GRADE

BASIC MATHEMATICAL TOOLS

PYTHAGOREAN THEOREM
(Sample Problem) – 7(B)

Find the value of the missing letter.


1. 2. 3. x
(
38°
8 cm x
x
° 15 cm
36 10 cm
40°(
(
12TH GRADE

SCIENTIFIC
NOTATION
12TH GRADE

SCIENTIFIC NOTATION

 Is a simple way to write and keep track of very large


or very small numbers without having to deal with a
lot of zeros. It provides a convenient way of
recording results and doing calculations.
 It takes the form .
Where: a = the first non-zero digit from left to right.
b & c = digits in the next two place value.
d = the number of place values that the decimal point is moved towards a.
12TH GRADE

SCIENTIFIC NOTATION

SCIENTIFIC NOTATION RULES


 The base should be always 10.
 The exponent must be a non-zero integer, that
means it can be either positive or negative.
 The absolute value of the coefficient is greater than
or equal to 1 but it should be less than 10.
 Coefficients can be positive or negative numbers
including whole and decimal numbers.
12TH GRADE

SCIENTIFIC NOTATION
SCIENTIFIC NOTATION RULES
1. If the given number is multiples of 10 then the
decimal point has to move to the left, and the
power of 10 will be positive.
Ex: 6000 = 6 × 103 is in scientific notation.
2. If the given number is smaller than 1, then the
decimal point has to move to the right, so the
power of 10 will be negative.
Ex: 0.006 = 6 × 10-3 is in scientific notation.
12TH GRADE

SCIENTIFC NOTATION
(Sample Problem)

Convert the following numbers into scientific notation.


1.) 923 3.) 0.00425 5.) 4523000
2.) 0.94300 4.) 6750.

Convert the following numbers into standard notation.


1.) 3.) 5.)
2.) 4.)
12TH GRADE

RULES ON
EXPONENT
12TH GRADE

RULES ON EXPONENT
Numbers written in scientific notation contain
exponents. Thus, multiplying and dividing numbers in
scientific notation also follow the operation rules of
exponents.
Quotient Rule
Product Rule

Power of a Product Rule Power of a Fraction Rule


12TH GRADE

SCIENTIFC NOTATION
(Sample Problem)

1. . = 8. =
2. . = 9. =
3. . 4k = 10. =
4. = 11. =
5. = 12. =
6. = 13. =
7. = 14. =
Thanks 12TH GRADE

!
Do you have any questions?
[email protected]
om
0951 750 1641
Krizza Joy Baron
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