STARTING SYSTEM

CASTANEDA
DELA PENA
ESLAO
 STARTING SYSTEM
The starting system has 6
parts: the battery, ignition
switch, neutral safety
switch, starter relay,
battery cables, and starter
motor
 STARTING SYSTEM
► Starting motor is an
electric motor that rotates
your engine in order to
allow the spark and fuel
injection system to begin
the engine’s operation
under its own power.
 STARTING SYSTEM
► The starter has gears which
mesh with a large flywheel
gear on the back side of the
engine, which turns the
central crank shaft. Because
this is a lot of physical
weight and friction to
overcome,
 STARTING SYSTEM

► Starter motors are

usually powerful, high
speed motors and use
ignition coil to ramp
up their power before
• .
engaging.
PARTS OF THE STARTING
SYSTEM
BATTERY
-The automotive battery, also
known as lead-acid storage
battery, is an electrochemical
device that produces voltage
and delivers current.
PARTS OF STARTING
IGNITION SWITCH
SYSTEM
The ignition switch allows
the driver to distribute
electrical current to where it
is needed. There are
generally 5 keys switch
positions that are used:
5 KEYS SWITCH POSITION

1.Lock-All circuits are open(no current

supplied)and the steering wheel is in the lock
position.

2.Off-All circuits are open, but the steerinh wheel

be turned and the key cannot be extracted.
5 KEYS SWITCH POSITION
3.Run-All circuits, except the starter circuit,
are closed (current is allowed to pass
through). Current is supplied to all but the
starter circuit.

4.Start-Power is supplied to the ignition

circuit and the starter motor only. That is why
the radio stops playing in the start position.
5 KEY SWITCH POSITION
5.Accessory-Power is supplied to all
but the ignition and starter circuit.
This allows you to play radio, work
the power windows, etc. While the
engine is not running.
PARTS OF STARTING
SYSTEM
NEUTRAL SAFETY SWITCH
This switch opens (denies
current to) the starter circuit
when the transmission is in
any gear but Neutral or Park
on automatic transmissions.
PARTS OF STARTING
SYSTEM
STARTER RELAY
A relay is a device that allows
small amount of electrical
current. An auto mobile starter
uses a large amount of current
(250+amps) to start an
engine.
PARTS OF STARTING
SYSTEM
BATTERY CABLES
Battery cables are large
diameter. Multistranded wire
which carry the high current
(250+amps) necessary to
operate the starter motor.
PARTS OF STARTING
STARTER
SYSTEM MOTOR
The starter motor is a
powerful electric motor,
with a small gear
(pinion)attach to the end.
When activated, the gear is
meshed with a larger gear
(ring), which is attached to
the engine
WORKING PRINCIPLES
To make an engine start it must be turned at
some speed, so that it sucks fuel and air into
the cylinders, and compresses it.

The powerful electric starter motor does the

turning. Its shafts carries a small pinion which
engages with a large gear ring around the rim of
the engine flywheel
WORKING PRINCIPLES
The starter needs a heavy electric current,
which it draws through thick wires from the
battery. No ordinary hand-operated switch could
switch it on: it needs a large switch to handle
the high current.

The switch has to be turned on and off very

quickly to avoid dangerous, damaging sparking.
So a solenoid is used - an arrangement where a
small switch turns on an electromagnet to
WORKING PRINCIPLES
The starter switch is usually worked by the
ignition key. Turn the key beyond the 'ignition
on' position to feed current to the solenoid.
The ignition switch has a return spring, so that
as soon as you release the key it springs back
and turns the starter switch off. The ignition
switch has a return spring, so that as soon as
you release the key it springs back and turns
the starter switch off.
WORKING PRINCIPLES
When the switch feeds current to the solenoid,
the electromagnet attracts an iron rod.

The movement of the rod closes two heavy

contacts, completing the circuit from the battery
to the starter.

The rod also has a return spring-when the

ignition switch stops feeding current
WORKING PRINCIPLES
The return springs are needed because the
starter motor must not turn more than it has to
in order to start the engine. The reason is partly
that the starter uses a lot of electricity, which
quickly runs down the battery.

Also, if the engine starts and the starter motor

stays engaged, the engine will spin the starter
so fast that it may be badly damaged.
WORKING PRINCIPLES
The starter motor itself has a device, called a
Bendix gear, which engages its pinion with the
gear ring on the flywheel only while the starter
is turning the engine. It disengages as soon as
the engine picks up speed, and there are two
ways by which it does so - the inertia system
and the pre-engaged system.
WORKING PRINCIPLES
The inertia starter relies on the inertia of the
pinion - that is, its reluctance to begin to turn.

The pinion is not fixed rigidly to the motor shaft

- it is threaded on to it, like a freely turning nut
on a very coarse-thread bolt.
WORKING PRINCIPLES
Imagine that you suddenly spin the bolt: the
inertia of the nut keeps it from turning at once,
so it shifts along the thread of the bolt.

When an inertia starter spins, the pinion moves

along the thread of the motor shaft and
engages with the flywheel gear ring.
 WORKING PRINCIPLES
It then reaches a stop at the end of the thread,
begins to turn with the shaft and so turns the
engine.
Once the engine starts, it spins the pinion faster
than its own starter- motor shaft. The spinning
action screws the pinion back down its thread
and out of engagement.
The pinion returns so violently that there has to
be a strong spring on the shaft to cushion its
impact.
WORKING PRINCIPLES
The violent engagement and disengagement of
an inertia starter can cause heavy wear on the
gear teeth. To overcome that problem the pre-
engaged starter was introduced, which has a
solenoid mounted on the motor.
There's more to a car starter system: As well as
switching on the motor, the solenoid also slides
the pinion along the shaft to engage it. The
shaft has straight splines rather than a Bendix
thread, so that the pinion always turns with it.
WORKING PRINCIPLES

The starter motor is saved from over-speeding

when the engine starts by means of a freewheel
clutch, like the freewheel of a bicycle. The
return spring of the solenoid withdraws the
pinion from engagement.
THANK YOU