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Lesson 2 PowerPoint

The document discusses data anomalies in database management, including issues related to deletion, updating, and insertion of data that can lead to errors and redundancy. It emphasizes the importance of proper database design, which aims for easy maintenance, accuracy, and efficient querying. Normalization is highlighted as a key process to organize data effectively by creating related tables and establishing relationships between them.

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Simphiwe Mkhize
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2 views

Lesson 2 PowerPoint

The document discusses data anomalies in database management, including issues related to deletion, updating, and insertion of data that can lead to errors and redundancy. It emphasizes the importance of proper database design, which aims for easy maintenance, accuracy, and efficient querying. Normalization is highlighted as a key process to organize data effectively by creating related tables and establishing relationships between them.

Uploaded by

Simphiwe Mkhize
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Data and Information

Management
Database design and concepts

1
Data anomalies
Delete
• Deleting one piece of data
• simultaneously deleting
• unrelated data

• E.g.. Deleting the owner detail / data


deletes all the data on the film

2
Data anomalies
Update
Updating one piece of data
causing multiple records
to be altered

E.g. Changing the owner’s cell phone numbe

3
Data anomalies
Insert
Inserting new data
results in an error message
thus can not insert new data

E.g. Adding a new DVD’s data without an own

4
Data anomalies

Anomaly :
modification / maintenance errors in a datab

5
Data redundancy

• Redundancy :
duplication of data

• Which result in:


memory waste
unreliable data
problems in maintaining the database

6
Database design

Goals:
1. Easy data maintenance
2. No modification errors
3. Accurate and fast querying
4. Effective use of memory
5. Accurate data
6. Up to date data

7
Normalise data

1.Group related data together (tables)

2.(No) duplicate data fields

3.Smallest addressable data entity

4.Unique field to identify records (Primary key

8
Normalise data
Normalisation:
to create related tables
in order to increase effectiveness and
efficiency of the database.

Relationship:
tables are linked with a field in one table
that has the same values as a field in
the other table (a common field)

9
Relationships

1. Determine the entities (tables)


2. Determine the attributes for the entities
(fields)
3. Determine the association between the
entities (how the tables will be linked)
a. Determine the primary key(s)
b. Determine the foreign keys(s)

10

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