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ITUX5.210 Topic 6 - Accessibility and Usability Testing

This document discusses the importance of accessibility and usability testing in UX/UI design, highlighting the need to create universally accessible applications for individuals with disabilities. It covers guidelines for accessibility, types of disabilities, and the process of usability testing, including planning, conducting tests, and implementing feedback. The document emphasizes the significance of user-centered design and empathy in creating effective digital experiences.

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2 views

ITUX5.210 Topic 6 - Accessibility and Usability Testing

This document discusses the importance of accessibility and usability testing in UX/UI design, highlighting the need to create universally accessible applications for individuals with disabilities. It covers guidelines for accessibility, types of disabilities, and the process of usability testing, including planning, conducting tests, and implementing feedback. The document emphasizes the significance of user-centered design and empathy in creating effective digital experiences.

Uploaded by

jl273899295
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Topic 6:

Accessibility and
Usability Testing
Objectives

In this topic we will cover:


• Accessibility in UX/UI
Importance of accessibility in UX/UI
Guidelines for creating accessible digital experiences
• Usability Testing
Planning and conducting usability tests
Analysing and interpreting test results
Implementing changes based on feedback
Accessibility in UX/UI
Web
UX Standard
s
Digital
Accessibility

Access
technologies
What is accessibility?

Ensuring a universally available and accessible


application, including those who suffer from various
disabilities.

What do the current statistics say?


● More than 1 billion people globally have some form
of disability
● This corresponds to about 15% of the world's
population
● Between 110-190 million people have very
significant difficulties in functioning
● In the US, 12.6% of the population suffers from
some kind of disability
Usable, but
inaccessible?
When to consider
accessibility?

Types of Disabilities
● Visual impairment
● Lack of motor skills
● Hearing impairment
● Cognitive disability
Design for each disability?

Keyboard / switch
Vision
Mouse / eye tracking

Hearing Speech recognition

Magnification
Motor Colour/contrast adjustments
Audio output
Cognitive
Screen reader
When to define accessibility?

Requirements gathering & Planning

Sketching / Wireframes / Prototype

Visual design

Implementation /coding

Adding content

QA / testing
Define accessibility early
The real failure: Not thinking of accessibility during the
design process
Checks

Planning Sketching Visual design Coding Content QA / testing


Project Activity
Using guidelines?
Using personas?
Expert user (with a disability)

Expert users?

FOCUS GROUP OF EXPERTS


Stick it on the backlog?
By interaction method
• Keyboard only
• Screen magnification
• Screen reader
• Cognitive & deafness
Keyboard
only
iPod
iPad
iPhon
e
Interaction effects

• Linear interaction, link by link


• Lots of key-presses
• Visuals important
Screen
magnification
Interaction effects

• In a non-responsive design, you get


horizontal scrolling.
• Mainly about layout issues/bugs
• Good contrast on text helps
• Very ‘mouse’ driven
• Field of attention small
Screen
readers
Hidden structure

To convey your structure, you need to understand


when to use:
• Headings (levels 1-6), Lists, Tables
• Landmarks (“ARIA roles”)
• Some HTML5, e.g., <section>
• ARIA roles, states & properties for JS widgets

ARIA = Accessible Rich Internet Applications from the


W3C
Interaction effects

• Linear interaction, line at a time in source


order
• Headings, landmarks, and find-text to skim
read
• Can use hidden support text
• Depends on learned keyboard commands
Cognitive &
Deafness
Interaction effects

• Choosing links that might be right,


not knowing
• Getting stuck on literal interpretations
• Looking for help and alternative options
The four questions

• Can you use it with a keyboard?


• Can you see it when zoomed?
• Does it provide appropriate information to
screen readers?
• Is it easy to understand?
Sketches /
Wireframes
Visual
design
Implementation

• Test as you build, it is everyone’s responsibility


•
Implementati
Go through the 4 interaction styles for each
on
component / build stage
• Automated testing can be useful for
catching some issues
Automated testing

alt = “Dog”
Prevention beats cure
Elegant
Accessibility
Skip links
Usability Testing
What is Usability Testing?

Testing how easy a design is


to use on a group of
representative users.

It usually involves
observing users as they
attempt to complete tasks.

Often conducted repeatedly,


from early development until
a product’s release.
Different types of usability testing or
reasons to conduct usability research

Comparative Usability Testing :


Used to compare the usability of one website with another.

Explorative Usability Testing :


Explorative usability testing can establish what content and
functionality a new product should include to meet the
needs of its users.

Usability Evaluation
This is a test of a new or updated service either pre- or
post-launch.
Why usability testing?
• Feedback direct from the target audience
makes the project team focused.
• Internal debates can be resolved by testing
the issue to see how users react to the
different options being discussed.
• Issues and potential problems are
highlighted before the product is
launched.
• It increases the likelihood of usage and
repeat usage.
• It minimises the risk of the product failing.
• Users are better able to reach their goals,
which results in the business meeting its
targets.
Usability Testing vs. UAT
Is user testing and usability testing
same?
• Definition of Utility = whether it
provides the features you need.
• Definition of Usability = how easy &
pleasant these features are to use.
• Definition of Useful = usability +
utility.
The five components of usability

1. Learnability
2. Efficiency
3. Memorability
4. Errors
5. Satisfaction
If your customers can’t easily use
your application, they won’t bother
to try and learn it. They will just go
elsewhere.
Buying a suit online
Buying a suit online
Now you can answer following

• What features do you actually need to put


into your product?
• How easy and pleasant are these features to
use?
• Are these features even useful?
What is success?
When should you test?
Components

Design task scenarios

Depends on product, lab or field

Identification & negotiation with users

Team plan, roles according to the place of test


Usability cycle
Testing materials
How will you test?
Key players
Designing a usability test
Qualitative testing
How many participants
How to behave with your users?
Facilitator best practices
Mobile application usability testing

To test the usability of a mobile application,


you need:
− Objectives of the test
− Tasks that will be performed
− Test Documents (content form, orientation script,
pre & post-test questionnaires)
− Test Participants
− Test Method
The objectives of the usability test

• Explore important areas:


• The app’s roadmap
• Users and markets for whom the app is
targeted
• The app’s competitors
• Timing and scope
Identifying usability issues
Translating technical knowledge into
everyday language is a skill
● We need communication skills that bridge the gap between
technical realities and client aspirations

● A good approach is to speak in plain english

○ Find ways to translate technical details and limitations


into easily understandable concepts

● Also, use metaphors - provide clarity about a complex notion by


comparing it to something commonplace
○ E.g. A computer network is like the postal system…
○ E.g. Mobile app notifications are like how magazine
subscriptions work...
Beyond usability to amazing
experience design

Functionality + Usability = Good Experience

Good experience + Thoughtfulness = Amazing Experience


Building amazing experiences

• Doesn’t have to be complicated


• Combine functionality, usability and thoughtfulness
• Immerse yourself in your user’s world
• Understand the whole story
• Imagine your Grandpa using the product
• Show some personality and fun!
• Simplify to let your thoughtfulness shine
Empathise methods

• Assume a beginner’s mindset Ask What-


How-Why
• Ask the 5 whys
• Conduct interviews with empathy
Designing without empathy: Google
glass
Success with empathy: The embrace
warmer

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