Agriculture

› Through Bar Charts: Crops vs

THINGS TO LEARN: Area

COMPARISON OF
PRODUCTION OF
ALL CROPS
THROUGH MAP/
CHART/ ANALYSIS
Years vs Production
› Months vs Rainfall
Impact of climate on › Through Pie chart Analysis for
Production of Crops the production in Pakistan by
province.
›
Through Maps: To locate the area of
production
 Through Maps: To locate the area of
production
› Comparison of To show patterns of
cultivated and non live stock farming
cultivated
Through Line Sketch: For Comparison of
crops/ vegetation/ gradient of land/
› Impact of rainfall on vegetation
Through Extracts : To analyse situations

Through options to select: Analytical

Through Extracts : To analyse situations

Through options to select: Analytical

Picture Analysis to describe the scene( Cattle/
weather/ Type of Farming/outputs/inputs/
topography (relief) and vegetation
Picture Analysis to
describe the
scene:

Cattle Farming
Type of Farming
Outputs/inputs
Crops of Pakistan- Subsistence and
Commercial farming

Wheat
Rice
Sugarcane
Cotton
Maize
Millet- other minor cereals
Pulses
Oilseeds
Tobacco
Vegetables
fruits
WHEAT

Regions
› Wheat is the largest grown grain crop and main
staple food in Pakistan.
› It is cultivated on slightly more than 9 million
hectares with average yield 2600kg/hec. However,
progressive farmers are able to get up to
5000kg/hec.
› Various types of constraints are responsible for the
low yield. It can of sowing, late sowing, lack of
irrigation water mainly be attributed to poor
quality of seed , broad cast method
› Because it is a Rabi crop, it requires mild
temperature, low rainfall and alluvial, loamy soil.
› Wheat is sown in Oct-Nov
› Wheat is harvested in April-May
GEOGRAPHICAL REQUIREMENT TO GROW
WHEAT
Temperature
›Mild – 10C- 20C- growing
›Warm - 25C- 30C- Ripening
›Growing period- 90-120 days
Rainfall
Moderate
Mostly dependent on irrigation
›Potohar Plateau and some parts of KP are rain-fed
regions
› SOIL
› Land must be well –drained
› Flat ground to facilitate the use of machinery
› Moderately stiff loamy soil
Factors affecting extension of Area of
wheat production in Pakistan

› The area of wheat production could be increased

due to the following reasons
› Increase in the irrigated area
› Increase in area sown more than once
Factors affecting extension of production
of wheat in Pakistan

› Increased in wheat growing area

› Increase in yield per hectare
› Use of high yielding varieties seed of wheat, best
fertilizers and insecticides. Today more than 90% of
the wheat-growing regions produce HYV crops.
› Wheat grown under irrigation land
› SEE pg. 133-135 for factors affecting agriculture in
detail- Extended Study
› SEE pg. 135-136 for Agricultural problem in Pakistan
in detail- Extended Study
Video
Video
 LIVESTOCK FARMING

Livestock is commonly defined as

domesticated animals raised in an agricultural
setting to produce labor and commodities such
as meat, eggs, milk, fur, leather, and wool.
Why is livestock farming important?

› The use of livestock and its sub product manure

are important in crop production. Livestock is a
source of energy providing draught animal power
while manure improves soil structure and fertility as
well as water retention. ... Livestock is also used to
transport agricultural inputs and outputs and people.
› Livestock is a subsector of Pakistan
agriculture which contributes approximately 56%
of value addition in agriculture and nearly 11% to
the gross domestic product
(GDP). Livestock production makes a major
contribution to agriculture value added services.
 Types of Subsistence livestock farming in Pakistan
Types Main Areas How do they practice farming Sources

Nomadic Balochistan, Nomads practice subsistence farming. They don`t settle They rare sheep, goats
deserts areas at one place and camels for food as
of Punjab and well as transport
Sindh
Transhuman Karakoram Transhumance is a type of pastoralism or nomadism, a Goats, sheep and cattle,
ce Himalayas seasonal movement of livestock between fixed summer Yak and dzu
and winter pastures. In montane regions, it implies Are reared for wool, dairy
movement between higher pastures in summer and products and meat is the
lower valleys in winter. Herders have a permanent main output. Surplus is
home, typically in valleys sold only

Settled Villages of This Farming meant that people did not need to travel to
Punjab and find food. Instead, they began to live in settled Cows – milk
Sindh communities, and grew crops or raised animals on Hens- eggs
nearby land. They built stronger, more permanent Excess milk is used to
homes and surrounded their settlements with walls to make butter, ghee for
protect themselves. personal use
Subsistence livestock Farming as a
system
Commercial Farming
Notable features of livestock Commercial
Farming
› Australian designed dairy farms are established in
Karachi and Islamabad.
› Government dairy farms in Quetta and many
military farms are established.
› Scientific breeding methods, such as Cross-breeding
are in use to increase fertility rates.
› Nutritional diets / weaning diets(Weaning is the
process by which babies who were fully reliant on
milk are introduced to solid foods.) are give to
cattle to save milk for human consumption.
› Personnel are trained for veterinary facilities
Importance of Live Stock
Main livestock Resources
Problems
of
Livestock
Development of Commercial livestock
Farming by the Government of Pakistan
Factors Affecting Farming- Natural and
Techno- Economic Problems
Impacts of Topography on Agriculture
 Salinity/ Water logging

What is water logging and salinity in Pakistan?

Water Logging and Salinity in Pakistan • These salts
gather in the form of a layer in the upper level of land.
Thus due to water logging and salinity the water retains
itself on the surface of land and salts gather themselves in
the zones of roots of plants. It happened when water-
table is above 1.5 meter  Salts on surface 
Stagnant water  Low plant growth  0.1 million
acre land is affected
Land
Reforms
Land Reforms
› Ayub Khan’s reforms 1959 Recommendations included:-
› A ceiling of 500 acres for irrigated and 1000 acres for un-
irrigated land.
› Land was to be redistributed amongst to tenants already
cultivating the land.
› Permanent proprietary rights to occupancy tenants.
› Idea of “subsistence holdings” of no less than 50 acres was
proposed.
› However, Ghulam Ishaq Khan was dissented with the
majority opinion on the land ceiling.
› He proposed the ceiling of 150 and 450 acres of irrigated/un-
irrigated land for individuals and 300/900 acres limit for
families (irrigated/un-irrigated).
Impacts of Farming on the Environment

› Impacts of using fertilizer

› Impact of using pesticide

› Impact of removal of vegetation

› Impact of irrigation
Impact
What is the Governmnet Doing?
How to bring sustainable development in
our Agricultural sector?
Video Link For studious learners
› https://youtu.be/soBq3_S58M0
Canal System
› https://youtu.be/2c-MPVQ904s
Methods of irrigation
› https://youtu.be/RTR2RgMbJ-g
› Irrigation Canal Makes the Desert Bloom in
Pakistan's Punjab
› https://youtu.be/prHfXrfCLPE
› Karez
› https://youtu.be/lhpjbi93Jzg
› Pakistani Dam Tarbela Water Flow awesome
› https://youtu.be/Pr0pjiIMrds
› https://youtu.be/syer6g6J3bM
› https://youtu.be/vbUZEhsgY2w
› https://youtu.be/YjDO2LmKywo
› https://youtu.be/sJzr9B3dhuA
› Waterlogging and Soil Salinity
› https://youtu.be/ZzoT9kCLL6s