DON BOSCO TECHNICAL INSTITUTE OF VICTORIAS INC.

VICMICO, Victorias City, 6119 Negros Occidental, Philippines

Senior High School Department | School Year 2022–2023

INTRODUCTION
TO PHYSICS
Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics
11
Prepared by: Lord William B. Pacurib
 INTRODUCTION
Definition of Physics

What is the first thing that

enters in your mind upon
hearing the word
PHYSICS?

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 INTRODUCTION
Definition of Physics

Physics is the scientific

study of matter, energy, and
the fundamental forces that
govern their interactions in
the universe.

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 LESSON PROPER
Why Study Physics?

Understanding Natural Laws: Physics is

the fundamental science that uncovers
the laws governing the behavior of the
physical universe. It provides insights
into the fundamental principles that
underlie all other sciences, helping us
comprehend the interactions between
matter, energy, space, and time.

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 LESSON PROPER
Why Study Physics?

Predictive Power: Physics forms the

basis for developing models and
theories that can predict the behavior of
complex systems. This predictive power
extends beyond the realm of physics
itself, influencing advancements in
technology, engineering, and even other
scientific fields.

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 LESSON PROPER
Why Study Physics?

Innovation and Progress: Many

groundbreaking technological innovations
stem from a deep understanding of physics.
From electricity and magnetism to quantum
mechanics, these discoveries have led to
revolutionary technologies that have shaped
modern society and driven progress in various
sectors, such as telecommunications,
medicine, and energy.

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 LESSON PROPER
Branches of Physics

• Classical Mechanics deals with the motion of objects

and the forces that act upon them, as described by
Newton's laws of motion.
• Thermodynamics studies the behavior of heat and
energy transfer, including concepts like temperature,
entropy, and energy conservation.
• Electromagnetism focuses on the study of electric
and magnetic fields, electromagnetic waves, and
their interactions with charged particles.

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 LESSON PROPER
Branches of Physics

• Optics examines the behavior of light and its interactions with

various materials, including phenomena like reflection,
refraction, and diffraction.
• Quantum Mechanics explores the behavior of particles on the
atomic and subatomic scale, often defying classical intuition, and
is essential for understanding phenomena like wave-particle
duality and quantum entanglement.
• Relativity encompasses both special relativity, which deals with
high-speed motion and the constancy of the speed of light, and
general relativity, which explains gravity as the curvature of
spacetime.

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 LESSON PROPER
Branches of Physics

• Nuclear Physics studies the properties and behavior of

atomic nuclei and the fundamental particles that make
up the nucleus, as well as nuclear reactions and decay.
• Particle Physics investigates the smallest constituents
of matter and their interactions, often using powerful
accelerators to study high-energy particle collisions.
• Astrophysics applies physics to the study of celestial
bodies and the universe as a whole, including topics
like cosmology, black holes, and the behavior of matter
and energy in space.

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 LESSON PROPER
Branches of Physics

• Condensed Matter Physics examines the properties of

materials in their solid and liquid states, covering topics
such as crystal structures, semiconductors, and
superconductors.
• Biophysics explores the application of physical
principles and methods to biological systems, studying
phenomena like molecular interactions, cellular
mechanics, and biophysical processes.
• Acoustics focuses on the study of sound, its generation,
propagation, and interactions, leading to insights in
fields like musical acoustics and medical imaging.

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 LESSON PROPER
Historical Development of Physics

Ancient and Classical Physics

• Ancient civilizations laid the foundation
for understanding basic concepts like
motion, astronomy, and simple
mechanics.
• Greek philosophers like Aristotle
developed early ideas about the nature of
matter and motion, proposing geocentric
models of the universe.

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 LESSON PROPER
Historical Development of Physics

Renaissance and Early Modern Physics

• Nicolaus Copernicus proposed a
heliocentric model of the solar system,
challenging the geocentric view.
• Galileo Galilei's experiments and
observations led to the formulation of
modern concepts of motion and inertia.

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 LESSON PROPER
Historical Development of Physics

Renaissance and Early Modern Physics

• Johannes Kepler developed laws describing
the motion of planets, based on Tycho
Brahe's precise observations.
• Isaac Newton's work on calculus and his laws
of motion and universal gravitation
revolutionized physics, providing a unified
framework for understanding motion and
forces.

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 LESSON PROPER
Historical Development of Physics

19th Century Physics

• Michael Faraday's experiments with
electromagnetism laid the groundwork for
the understanding of electrical and magnetic
phenomena.
• James Clerk Maxwell formulated Maxwell's
equations, unifying electricity and
magnetism and predicting the existence of
electromagnetic waves (light).

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 LESSON PROPER
Historical Development of Physics

19th Century Physics

• Thermodynamics and the kinetic theory
of gases were developed, leading to an
understanding of heat, energy, and
statistical mechanics.
• The wave nature of light was
established through experiments on
interference and diffraction.

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 LESSON PROPER
Historical Development of Physics

20th Century Physics:

• Albert Einstein's theory of special relativity introduced
the concepts of time dilation and length contraction,
challenging classical ideas of space and time.
• Quantum mechanics emerged, with contributions from
various physicists like Max Planck, Niels Bohr, Werner
Heisenberg, and Erwin Schrödinger, describing the
behavior of particles at the atomic and subatomic scale.
• General relativity, proposed by Einstein, explained
gravity as the curvature of spacetime, revolutionizing
our understanding of the cosmos.

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LESSON PROPER
Historical Development of Physics

20th Century Physics:

• Particle physics developed rapidly, leading to the
discovery of fundamental particles and the
development of the Standard Model, which
describes the interactions of particles and forces.
• Quantum field theory and quantum
electrodynamics (QED) were formulated,
providing a framework for understanding particle
interactions and electromagnetic forces.

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LESSON PROPER
Historical Development of Physics
Recent Developments:
• Modern physics has seen advancements in
fields like astrophysics, cosmology, condensed
matter physics, and quantum computing.
• The search for a unified theory that reconciles
general relativity and quantum mechanics
(quantum gravity) continues, with theories like
string theory and loop quantum gravity being
explored.

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 ACTIVITY No. 1
Historical Development of Physics

Recent Developments:
• Modern physics has seen advancements in fields
like astrophysics, cosmology, condensed matter
physics, and quantum computing.
• The search for a unified theory that reconciles
general relativity and quantum mechanics
(quantum gravity) continues, with theories like
string theory and loop quantum gravity being
explored.

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