Computer Essentials

Dr. Fryad M. Rashid

Lecture #3
Outline
• Basic Functions
• Data Formatting
• Data Visualization
Open MS-Excel

OR
What’s MS-Excel?
• Microsoft Excel is a powerful spreadsheet application developed by
Microsoft. It is part of the office suite and is widely used for data
organization, analysis, and visualization.
• Excel provides users with a grid of cells arranged in rows and columns
where they can enter and manipulate data.

Notes:1) Cell name is important to know!

2) Enter the data into the cell
Basic Functions
 Formula/Function & Operator
Precedence
Formula includes:
• A function is a predefined formula.
• All formulas begin with an equal (=) sign
• Data that is stored in the worksheet and that needs to be used in a formula is
referenced using the cell’s address.
Operator Description
() Parenthesis
* and / and Power Multiplication,
Division, and Power
+ and - Addition and
Subtraction
=, <=, >=, <> Comparison
Basic Excel Functions: Sum(),
Power()
=SUM(number1, [number2], ...)It is used to add together a range of
numbers or individual numbers.
=POWER(number, power) It is used to raise a number to a specified
power (exponent).
Basic Excel Functions: Min(), Max(),
Average()
Basic Excel Functions: Count(),
CountA(), Countif()
=Count():it counts the number of cells that contain numeric values.
Examples of not counted cells:
Empty cells, text, or logical values (TRUE/FALSE).
Basic Excel Functions: CountA(),
Countif()
=CountA(): it counts the number of cells that are not empty (including
cells with text, numbers, logical values, and errors).
Examples of not counted cells: Empty cells.
Basic Excel Functions: Countif()
=COUNTIF(range, criteria): It is used to count the number of cells that
meet a specific condition or criterion.

Q/How many numbers are greater than 25?

 Conditional Functions: =IF()
• It is used to perform logical tests and return
different values based on whether the test
evaluates to TRUE or FALSE.
=IF(condition,value_if_true,value_if_false)
• Returns a value if one condition is true and
returns another value if the condition is
false. For example, the formula
=IF(C4>65,“PASS”,“FAIL”) returns PASS if the
value in cell C4 is greater than 65; otherwise
the formula returns FAIL.
Logical Functions: AND(), OR(),
NOT()
• In Excel, the logical functions AND, OR, and NOT are used to perform
logical tests and return TRUE or FALSE based on the conditions
provided.
=AND(logical1, [logical2], ...):It returns TRUE if all the conditions are
TRUE; otherwise, it returns FALSE. AND Truth Table
Logical Functions: AND(), OR(),
NOT()
=OR(logical1, [logical2], ...):It returns TRUE if at least one of the
conditions is TRUE; otherwise, it returns FALSE.
OR Truth Table
Logical Functions: AND(), OR(),
NOT()
=NOT(logical): It reverses the value of its argument. If the argument is
TRUE, it returns FALSE, and vice versa.

NOT Truth Table

Add value to Cell
• Update score by adding 2 points for each students.
 Custom Sort
1) Select data
2) Sort it from lowest to highest
3) Sort it from highest to lowest
Practice1: Application Example
EMPID First Name Last Name Age Salary Dept Status

101010 Ako Noori 45 $1,000.00 Administration Manager

101020 Aram Ahmed 35 $1,500.00 Finance Boss

101025 Aso Karim 38 $1200.00 HR Director

101030 Shorsh Rashid 25 $2,000.00 Administration Manager

101040 Jamal Hussain 47 $1,500.00 Finance Boss

Enter the above data into the excel sheet, then answer the following:
1) Add $100 for their salary as an Eid promotion?
2) How much totally we pay for the salary except of the Eid promotion?
3) How much totally we pay for the administration departments?
4) Find the oldest employee?
5) Find the youngest employee?
6) Sort salary form highest to lowest?
 Practice2: Mathematical Functions
For this formula: Y = X2, Give values {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5} to X as an input. Then,
1) Find X2 values by using function
2) Make a Scatter Plot
Practice3: Statistical Functions
• Enter these values into a column: {0, 7, 8, 6, 5, 9, 8, 7, 4, 8, 0, 3, 5, 6, 8 }, then find:
1) Average
2) Median (or middle number)
3) Mode (most frequently occurring number)
4) Standard Deviation (or subtract the mean individually from each of the numbers
given and square the result)
5.6
5) Min 6
6) Max 8

7) Count the numbers 2.823372

0
8) Sum
9
15
84
Practice4: Logical Functions
• Make the following table:
Name Score Result
Ahmed 76 PASS
Ako 64 FAIL
Aso 69 PASS
Aram 73 PASS
Aree 56 FAIL
Farhang 94 PASS

• To pass the course the student have to have 65

Practice5: Quadratic Equation
• Find roots of x (i.e. x1 and x2)? Assume: a=1, b=2, c=1
• Note: square root function is SQRT(number)

a 1 a 1
b 2 b 4
c 1 c 1

x1 -1 x1 -0.26795
x2 -1 x2 -3.73205
Data Formatting
Format Cell
• Create a new sheet ,
sheet2
• Give data type by
selecting the column
and choose data type.
• Select the data, right
click on it, Format
Cell Border , choose
a line for outline and
another line for inside.
Format Cell: F(X) = X2
• Select the 2  Format Cell Font Superscript X2
• Subscript H2O
Format Cell: Merge Cell
• Alignment Select the cells Merge Cells
• Boarder  Select the outline and inside lines
Insert
• Hyperlink:
Select the cell not the text.
Review
• Review  Comment
Page Layout
Sheet Name
• Double Click on the name:
Data Visualization
Charts
• Chart is a graphical representation of data.
Charts are usually used to analyze trends
and patterns in data sets.

The importance of charts:

• Allows you to visualize data graphically.
• It's easier to analyze trends and patterns in
the charts.
• Easy to interpret compared to data in cells.
1) Column Chart
• Names and score
have been
selected to create
a column chart.

• What does it tell

you?
How you understand the chart?
What you see?
Comparing the number of
items across categories for
each year.
2) Bar Chart
• Bar chart is a chart with
rectangular bars with
lengths proportional to the
values that they represent.
Q/WHEN SHOULD I USE IT?
A clustered bar chart can
effectively show the number
of each type of equipment
for each year side by side.
3)Line Chart

• A line chart is a two-dimensional

scatter plot of ordered observations
where the observations are connected
following their order.

Q/WHEN SHOULD I USE IT?

• It is showing trends over time.
• This chart type allows you to see how
each category (Desktop, Laptop,
Monitors, Printers) changes from year
to year..
4) Combo Chart
• A combo chart is a type of chart that combines two or more different
chart types into a single visual representation. This allows you to
display multiple datasets with varying scales and types of data in a
cohesive format, making it easier to analyze and compare different
aspects of the data.
5) Pie Chart
• A pie chart is a circular statistical graphic
that divides a whole into slices to illustrate
numerical proportions. Each slice
represents a category's contribution to the
total, making it easy to visualize the
relationship between parts and the whole.
• A pie chart shows percentage values as a
slice of a pie.
Q/WHEN SHOULD I USE IT?
A/This chart will visually represent the
distribution of equipment totals across the
years.
Questions