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Class 4 - Quality Tools

The document outlines various Total Quality Management (TQM) tools and techniques that assist organizations in analyzing and improving their processes. It details seven basic quality tools, including Pareto charts, cause-and-effect diagrams, check sheets, histograms, scatter diagrams, run charts, and control charts, along with other useful tools like 5S and Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA). Additionally, it emphasizes the crucial role of management in training employees and supporting the deployment of these tools for effective problem-solving.

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thanxxok8
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7 views

Class 4 - Quality Tools

The document outlines various Total Quality Management (TQM) tools and techniques that assist organizations in analyzing and improving their processes. It details seven basic quality tools, including Pareto charts, cause-and-effect diagrams, check sheets, histograms, scatter diagrams, run charts, and control charts, along with other useful tools like 5S and Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA). Additionally, it emphasizes the crucial role of management in training employees and supporting the deployment of these tools for effective problem-solving.

Uploaded by

thanxxok8
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Quality

Management
Tools and
Techniques
MAJOR TOPICS
• Total Quality Tools Defined
• The seven basic quality tools
• The Pareto Chart
• Cause-and-Effect Diagrams
• Check Sheets
• Histograms
• Scatter Diagrams
• Run Charts and Control Charts
• Some Other Tools Introduced
• Management’s Role in Tool Deployment
Total quality Management tools

• Total quality management (TQM) tools help organizations to


identify, analyze and assess qualitative and quantitative data
that is relevant to their business.

• These tools can identify procedures, ideas, statistics, cause


and effect concerns and other issues relevant to their
organizations.
The seven basic quality tools
1-Pareto charts
• Pareto charts are useful for separating the important from the
unimportant (trivial)
• They are named after Italian economist and sociologist
Vilfredo Pareto
• Pareto charts are important because they can help an
organization decide where to focus limited resources.
• The Pareto Principle holds that a few significant causes lead to
the majority of problems
Pareto charts
2-Cause-and-effect diagram

• The cause-and-effect diagram was developed by the Dr.Kaoru


Ishikawa, a noted Japanese quality expert; others have thus
called it the Ishikawa diagram. Its purpose is to help identify
and isolate the causes of problems.

• It is the only one of the seven basic quality tools that is not
based on statistics.
Cause-and-effect diagram
4
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3-Check sheet

• The check sheet is a tool that facilitates collection of relevant


data, displaying it in a visual form easily understood by the
brain.
• Check sheets make it easy to collect data for specific purposes
and to present it in a way that automatically converts it into
useful information.
Check sheet
4-Histograms

• Histograms have to do with variability.


• Two kinds of data are commonly associated with processes:
attributes data and variables data.
• An attribute is something that the output product of the
process either has or does not have.
• Variables data are data that result when something is
measured.
• A histogram is a measurement scale across one axis and a
frequency of like measurements on the other.
Histograms
5-The scatter diagram

• The scatter diagram is arguably the simplest of the


seven basic quality tools.
• It is used to determine the correlation between two
variables.
• It can show a positive correlation, a negative
correlation, or no correlation.
The scatter diagram
6-Run charts and control charts

• A control chart is a statistically based tool that analyzes the


variation of a process.
• The control chart contains upper and lower control limits that
are statistically based, which allow the user to identifying
instances where the process appears to be behaving
abnormally.
• These control limits and centerline represent the “voice of the
process” and are simply a reflection of the process – both the
average value of your process and the natural variation of the
process.
6-Run charts and control charts
7-process flow diagram
• A Flow Chart is a visual tool that show the flow or sequence of
a process. This can include the flow of information, tasks,
people, material or decision.
• The Flow Chart’s value lies in its ability to visually
communicate the steps and sequence of a process.
• The Flow Chart makes the complex become simple, and
promotes a common understanding of a process, which is the
foundation for improvement.
• The Flowchart is an excellent starting point in the Problem-
Solving Process, as it allows your problem-solving team to see
the entire process and identify improvements.
7-process flow diagram

Flowcharts are used in a total quality setting for charting the


inputs, steps, functions, and outflows of a process to understand
more fully how the process works and who or what has input to
and influence on the process, what its inputs and outputs are,
and even its timing.
7-process flow diagram
Other useful quality tools

Other useful quality tools are:


• 5S
• Surveys
• Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA)
• Design of experiments (DOE)
• Statistical process control (SPC)
The 5S

5S is used to eliminate
waste and reduce errors,
defects, and injuries.
Survey

The survey is used to obtain relevant


information from sources that
otherwise would not be heard from in
the context of providing helpful data
Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA)

Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) tries to identify all


possible potential product or process failures and prioritize them
for elimination according to their risk.
Design of experiments (DOE)

• Design of experiments (DOE) is a sophisticated method for


experimenting with complex processes for the purpose of
optimizing them.

• It can help to determine the relationship between factors


affecting a process and the output of that process. In other
words, it is used to find cause-and-effect relationships.
Design of experiments (DOE)
Statistical process control (SPC)

• Statistical process control (SPC) is defined as the use of statistical


techniques to control a process or production method.

• SPC tools and procedures can help you monitor process behavior,
discover issues in internal systems, and find solutions for production
issues.

• Statistical process control is often used interchangeably with statistical


quality control (SQC).
Statistical process control (SPC)
Quality function deployment (QFD)

• Quality function deployment (QFD) is a specialized method for


making customer needs/wants important components of the
design and production of the product or service.

• Developed by Dr. Yoji Akao in 1966, QFD combines quality


strategies with “function deployment” from the field of Value
Engineering. In a sense, with QFD the customer—the potential
user of the product—becomes part of the design team.
What is management’s role in tool deployment?

#5
Management’s role in tool deployment
• It is managers responsibility to train employees to use physical tools and intellectual tools
• Training for tools should be eventually used by most employees.. Why?
• Train employees as required
• Managers should provide the internal expert (facilitators) to help the new teams get started
and to develop their expertise
• Managers should insure that the people who are solving the problems have the proper
training and facilitation
• The team must be given the power and support necessary to see the effort brought to its
conclusion
• Managers should insure that the data needed for problem solving is available and valid…
What if not?
• Managers should follow up the improvement and ask for results… Why?
Thank you!

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