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RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

The document outlines the learning competencies for Grade 8 Mathematics focusing on relations and functions, including how to illustrate and verify functions, and identify dependent and independent variables. It explains the definitions of relations and functions, types of correspondence, and methods to verify if a relation is a function. Additionally, it includes illustrative examples and a group quiz activity to reinforce the concepts learned.

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ANGELIKA DOLOTALLAS
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19 views

RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

The document outlines the learning competencies for Grade 8 Mathematics focusing on relations and functions, including how to illustrate and verify functions, and identify dependent and independent variables. It explains the definitions of relations and functions, types of correspondence, and methods to verify if a relation is a function. Additionally, it includes illustrative examples and a group quiz activity to reinforce the concepts learned.

Uploaded by

ANGELIKA DOLOTALLAS
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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RELATIONS AND

FUNCTIONS
GRADE 8 MATHEMATICS
LEARNING COMPETENCIES:

• The learner illustrates a relation and a function.


(M8AL-IIc-1)
• The learner verifies if a given relation is a function.
(M8AL-IIc-2)
• The learner determines dependent and
independent variables. (M8AL-IIc-3)
REVIEW:

• Which graph best represents the following ordered pairs (1,3), (3,5),
(4,6), and (5,7)?
DISCUSSION:

• A relation is any set of ordered pairs. The set of all


first coordinates is called the domain of the relation.
The set of all second coordinates is called the range
of the relation.
Illustrative Example: Set of ordered pairs:
{(-2,-4), (-1,-2), (0,0), (1,2), (2,4)}
Domain: {-2,-1,0,1,2} Range: {-4,-2,0,2,4}
REPRESENTATIONS OF RELATIONS

• Aside from ordered pairs, a relation may be


represented in four other ways: (1) table, (2)
mapping diagram, (3) graph, and (4)
rule/equation.
Set of ordered pairs:
{(-2,-4), (-1,-2), (0,0),
(1,2), (2,4)}
• Set of ordered pairs:
{(-2,-4), (-1,-2), (0,0),
(1,2), (2,4)}
Set of ordered pairs:
{(-2,-4), (-1,-2), (0,0),
(1,2), (2,4)}
Set of ordered pairs:
{(-2,-4), (-1,-2), (0,0),
(1,2), (2,4)}
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE 2:

• Given a table of values, write a set of


ordered pairs, draw a mapping diagram,
show its graph, and generate the
rule/equation. Find the domain and range of
the relation.
TYPES OF CORRESPONDENCE

• The correspondence of the elements


between the domain and the range of a
relation may be classified as one-to-
one, many-to-one or one-to-many.
1
.
2
.
3
.
NOTE:
• A function is a special type of relation.
• It is a relation in which every element in the domain
is mapped to exactly one element in the range.
Furthermore, a set of ordered pairs is a function if no
two ordered pairs have equal abscissas.
• All functions are relations. However, some relations
are not functions. Among the types of
correspondence only one-to-one and many-to-one
correspondences are functions.
To verify if the relation is a function, take note
of the following:
• If the given representation is set of ordered pairs, mapping
diagram, table of values or a discrete graph, identify what type
of correspondence is shown. Remember that only one-to-one
and many-to-one correspondences are functions.
• If the given representation is a continuous graph, use the
Vertical Line Test. If every vertical line intersects the graph no
more than once, the graph represents a function.
• If the given representation is an equation, determine the
exponent of the variable y. Equation represents a function if no
exponent of y is an even number.
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES:

• Verify if the given relation is a function or


not.
FUNCTION, since no two ordered pairs
have the same abscissas
5
.
INDEPENDENT AND DEPENDENT
VARIABLES
• Relations and functions describe the interaction between linked
variables. This includes dependent and independent variables.
• Dependent variable depends on the independent variable while the
independent variable controls the dependent variable.
• Independent variable changes independently while dependent
variable changes in response to the independent variable.
• The variable x is considered the independent variable because any
value could be assigned to it. However, the variable y is the
dependent variable because its value depends on the value of x.
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES:

• Determine the variables as independent or dependent.


1. In order to earn some spending money, Deanna
babysits for several hours after school. How much
money does she earn?
Dependent variable: the number of hours Deanna babysits
Independent variable: the amount of money earned by
Deanna
2. the amount paid and the distance travelled
Dependent variable: the amount paid

Independent variable: The distance travelled


3. Perimeter and the length of sides
Dependent variable: perimeter

Independent variable: the length of sides


GROUP QUIZ:

Activity 1: Given the set of ordered pairs, make a table of


values, draw a mapping diagram, show its graph; and
generate the rule/equation. Find the domain and range of the
relation.
Given: {(-2,-6), (-1,-3), (0,0), (1,3), (2,6), (3,9)}
Given: {(-2,-6), (-1,-3), (0,0), (1,3),
(2,6), (3,9)}
THANK YOU!

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