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Cell Transport Powerpoint

The document discusses the structure and function of cell membranes and walls, highlighting their roles in transport and homeostasis. It explains passive transport mechanisms like diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion, as well as active transport requiring energy. Additionally, it covers the concepts of hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic solutions, and the processes of endocytosis and exocytosis for large molecules.

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Lance Desembrana
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2 views

Cell Transport Powerpoint

The document discusses the structure and function of cell membranes and walls, highlighting their roles in transport and homeostasis. It explains passive transport mechanisms like diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion, as well as active transport requiring energy. Additionally, it covers the concepts of hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic solutions, and the processes of endocytosis and exocytosis for large molecules.

Uploaded by

Lance Desembrana
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Cell Membrane (Transport) Notes

Cell Membrane and Cell Wall:


• ALL cells have a cell membrane made of proteins and lipids
protein channel

Layer 1
Cell
Membrane Layer 2

lipid bilayer protein pump

• SOME cells have cell membranes and cell walls – ex: plants, fungi
and bacteria
Cell
Membrane

Cell Wall
• Plant cells have a cell wall
made of cellulose – that
cellulose is fiber in our diet

• Bacteria and fungi also have


cell walls, but they do not
contain cellulose

• Cell membranes and cell walls


are porous allowing water,
carbon dioxide, oxygen and
nutrients to pass through easily
Function of the Cell Membrane:
• Cell membrane separates the components of a cell
from its environment—surrounds the cell
• “Gatekeeper” of the cell—regulates the flow of
materials into and out of cell—selectively permeable
• Cell membrane helps cells maintain homeostasis—
stable internal balance
Passive Transport
A process that does not require energy to move
molecules from a HIGH to LOW concentration

 Diffusion

 Facilitated Diffusion

 Osmosis
• Diffusion is the movement of small particles across a
selectively permeable membrane like the cell membrane
until equilibrium is reached.

These particles move from an area of high concentration


to an area of low concentration.
outside of cell

inside of cell
DIFFUSION

HIGH to LOW concentration


• Osmosis is the diffusion of water through a selectively
permeable membrane like the cell membrane

Water diffuses across a membrane from an area of high


concentration to an area of low concentration.

Semi-permeable
membrane is
permeable to water,
but not to sugar
• Facilitated Diffusion is the movement of larger
molecules like glucose through the cell membrane –
larger molecules must be “helped”
Proteins in the cell membrane form channels for large
molecules to pass through
Proteins that form channels (pores) are called protein
channels outside of cell Glucose molecules

inside of cell
Click
Hypertonic Solutions: contain a high concentration
of solute relative to another solution (e.g. the cell's
cytoplasm). When a cell is placed in a hypertonic
solution, the water diffuses out of the cell, causing
the cell to shrivel.
• Hypotonic Solutions: contain a low
concentration of solute relative to
another solution (e.g. the cell's
cytoplasm). When a cell is placed in a
hypotonic solution, the water diffuses
into the cell, causing the cell to swell and
possibly explode.
• Isotonic Solutions: contain the same
concentration of solute as another
solution (e.g. the cell's cytoplasm). When
a cell is placed in an isotonic solution, the
water diffuses into and out of the cell at
the same rate. The fluid that surrounds
the body cells is isotonic.
Interactive Red Blood Cell
Click
Active Transport
Active transport is the movement of molecules from LOW to HIGH
concentration.
Energy is required as molecules must be pumped against the
concentration gradient.
Proteins that work as pumps are called protein pumps.

outside of cell Carbon Dioxide


molecules

inside of cell
• Ex: Body cells must pump carbon dioxide out
into the surrounding blood vessels to be
carried to the lungs for exhale. Blood vessels
are high in carbon dioxide compared to the
cells, so energy is required to move the carbon
dioxide across the cell membrane from LOW
to HIGH concentration.
ANALOGY:

ENERGY NEEDED:
Active Transport

NO ENERGY NEEDED:
Diffusion
Osmosis
Facilitated Diffusion
• Endocytosis and Exocytosis is the mechanism by which
very large molecules (such as food and wastes) get into
and out of the cell

Food is moved into the


cell by Endocytosis

Wastes are moved out


of the cell by
Exocytosis
Ex: White Blood Cells, which are part of the immune
system, surround and engulf bacteria by endocytosis.
Osmosis—Elodea Leaf

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