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Paired t Test Presentation

The document provides a comprehensive guide to the paired t-test, detailing its definition, applications, and key assumptions. It outlines the step-by-step process for conducting the test, including hypothesis formulation, data collection, and result interpretation. Additionally, it discusses common mistakes, advantages, limitations, and alternative tests, along with real-world applications.

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26 views30 pages

Paired t Test Presentation

The document provides a comprehensive guide to the paired t-test, detailing its definition, applications, and key assumptions. It outlines the step-by-step process for conducting the test, including hypothesis formulation, data collection, and result interpretation. Additionally, it discusses common mistakes, advantages, limitations, and alternative tests, along with real-world applications.

Uploaded by

rinugodwin111
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Paired t-Test: A Detailed

Explanation
A Comprehensive Guide with
Examples and Applications
Introduction to Paired t-Test
• Definition of paired t-test
• Used to compare two related samples
• Determines if there is a significant difference
When to Use Paired t-Test?
• Used when comparing means from the same
group before and after treatment
• Used in repeated measures designs
Key Assumptions
• Data should be continuous (interval/ratio)
• Samples should be related (paired
observations)
• Differences should be normally distributed
Mathematical Formula
• t = (mean difference) / (standard deviation /
sqrt(n))
• where n = number of pairs
Step 1: Define Hypotheses
• Null Hypothesis (H0): No difference between
means
• Alternative Hypothesis (H1): There is a
difference
Step 2: Collect Data
• Example dataset with paired observations
• Example: Pre-test and post-test scores of
students
Step 3: Calculate Differences
• Compute the difference for each pair
• Example table with calculated differences
Step 4: Compute Mean Difference
• Formula: d̄ = Σd / n
• Example calculation
Step 5: Calculate Standard
Deviation
• Formula: SD = sqrt[Σ(d - d̄)^2 / (n-1)]
• Example calculation
Step 6: Compute t-Statistic
• Formula: t = d̄ / (SD/sqrt(n))
• Example calculation
Step 7: Determine Degrees of
Freedom
• df = n - 1, where n is the number of pairs
• Example calculation
Step 8: Find Critical t-Value
• Using t-table at chosen significance level
(alpha = 0.05)
Step 9: Compare t-Statistic with
Critical t-Value
• Decision rule: Reject H0 if |t| > critical t
Step 10: Interpret the Results
• If p-value < 0.05, reject H0
• If p-value > 0.05, fail to reject H0
Example 1: Drug Effectiveness
• Before and after measurements of blood
pressure
• Step-by-step solution
Example 2: Training Program
Impact
• Employee productivity before and after
training
• Step-by-step solution
Paired t-Test in Excel
• Step-by-step guide to using Excel for paired t-
test
Paired t-Test in Python
• Using scipy.stats.ttest_rel function for paired t-
test
Paired t-Test in SPSS
• Step-by-step guide to performing paired t-test
in SPSS
Common Mistakes
• Not checking normality assumption
• Using independent t-test instead of paired t-
test
Advantages of Paired t-Test
• Controls for variability within subjects
• More statistical power than independent t-
test
Limitations of Paired t-Test
• Requires normal distribution of differences
• Cannot be used for independent samples
Alternative Tests
• Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test (for non-normal
data)
• Repeated Measures ANOVA (for multiple time
points)
Real-World Applications
• Medical studies, psychology experiments,
educational research
FAQs
• What if my data is not normal?
• What is the minimum sample size?
Summary
• Paired t-test is useful for comparing related
samples
• Steps include calculating mean difference, SD,
t-statistic, and comparing with critical t-value
Final Thoughts
• Ensure assumptions are met before applying
the test
• Use software tools for computation when
possible
References
• Statistical textbooks, research articles, online
resources
Thank You!
• Questions? Contact for more details

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