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Drugs Education & Vice Control

•Administer- the act introducing any
dangerous drugs into the body of any person
with or without his knowledge.
•Chemical- it is any substance taken into the
body that alters the way and the mind and the
bodyworks.
•Chemical Abuse- it is an instance when the
use of chemical has produced negative or
harmful consequences.
ADMINISTER
Chemical
• Cultivate- it means the act of knowingly planting,
growing, raising, planting of any plant which is
the source of prohibited drugs.

• Drugs- traditionally, are synthetic chemicals

used as medicine or in making medicines, which
affects the body and mind and have potential for
abuse. In Criminological meaning, refers to
substances, other than food and water that is
intended to be taken or administer for purpose of
altering, sustaining or controlling recipient’s
physical, mental and emotional state.
Cultivate
• Drug abuse- it is the illegal, wrongful or
improper use of any drug.

• Drug Addiction- it refers to the state of

periodic or chronic intoxication produced by
the repeated consumption of a drug.

• Drug experimenter- one who illegally,

wrongfully or improperly uses any narcotic
substances for reasons of curiosity, peer
pressure or other similar reasons.
• Drug Syndicate- it is a network of illegal drug
operations operated and manned carefully by
groups of criminals who knowingly traffic
through nefarious trade for personal or group
profit.

• Manufacturer- the production, preparation,

compounding or processing a dangerous
drug either directly or indirectly or by
extraction from substances of natural origin
or by chemical synthesis.
DRUG SYNDICATE
 DRUG SYNDICATE (WADS)
ttp://www.allvoices.com/contributed-news/8710248-west-african-
drug-syndicate-reveals-by-2-pinay-drug-mules
MANUFACTURER
• Narcotic drug- refers to illegally used drugs
or dangerous drugs which are either
prohibited or regulated drugs. It also refers to
drugs that produces sleep or stupor and
relives due pain to its depressant effect on
the CNS. The term Narcotics come from the
Greek word “ narcotikos”. It sometimes
known as opiates.
• Physical dependence- an adaptive state
caused by repeated drug use that reveals it
self by development of intense physical
symptoms when the drug is stopped
( withdrawal)
NARCOTIC DRUG
 SOME NARCOTIC IMAGES
• http:// • http://
www.thegooddrugsgui www.justice.gov/dea/
de.com/gallery/ images_narcotics.htm
narcotics/index.htm l
• Psychological dependence- an attachment to
drug use which arises from a drug ability to
satisfy some emotional needs of an
individual.
• Pusher- any person who sell, administer,
deliver or give away to another, distribute,
transport any dangerous drug.
• Rehabilitation- it is dynamic process directed
towards the changes of the health of the
person to prepare from his fullest life
potential and capabilities and making him law
abiding and productive member of the
community without abusing drugs.
• Tolerance- it is the tendency to increase
dosage of drugs to maintain the same effect
in the body.
• Treatment- a medical service rendered to a
client for the effective management of his
total condition related to drug abuse. It deals
with the physiological and psychological
complications arising from drug abuse.
• Use- the act of injecting, consuming, any
dangerous drugs. The means of introducing
drug into the physiological system of the
body.
INJECTING
Click icon to add picture

CONSUMING
Click icon to add picture
INJECTING
SNIFFING INHALING
 • Drugs Abuse Jargons
“Optiate”- Narcotic
“On-the Nod”- suspended sleep
“Mainline/ to shoot”- injecting a drug into the
vien
“A hit”- slang term for injection of drugs
“Work”- apparatus for injecting a drug
“A fix”- one injection of opiate
“Juni”- herion
“Junkie”- an opiate addict
“Skin popping”- to inject a drug under the skin
“A Bag”- a pocket of drug
“Cold Turkey”- withdrawal effects of opiate used
“Track”- scars on the skin due to injection
“Overdose”- death occurred
“Speed”- amphetamines
“speed freaks”- amphetamines addicts
“Uppers”- street slang for amphetamines
“Rush”- the beginning of a high
“High”- under the influence of drugs
“Coke”- street slang for cocaine
“Flashback”- drug used after stoppage
“Acid”- slang term for LSD
“Acid Head”- LSD user
“Drop”- taking drug orally
“Joint”- an MJ Cigar
“Roach”- butt end of a joint
“Stoned”- intoxicating effect of a drug
“Trip” – reaction that is caused by drugs
“Head”- drug user
“ Downer”- street slang for depressant
 The General Drugs Classification
• According to Effects
1. Depressants or Downers- are group
of drugs that has an effect of depressing the
CNS
Examples:
- Narcotics- drugs that relieve pain and
produce profound sleep.
- Opium- derived from poppy plant- papaver
somniferum popularly known as gum, gamot,
kalamay or panocha.
 Morphine- most commonly used and best
used opiate, effective pain killer six times potent
than opium.
Heroin- three to five times more powerful
than morphine, an opium derivative.
Codeine- a derivative of morphine,
commonly available in cough preparations.
Paregotic- a tinxture of opium in
combination with camphor, used as a
household remedy for diarrhea and abdominal
pain
Demerol and methadone- synthetic drugs
that ,morphine like effect, pain killer during child
birth.
 Barbiturates- drug used for inducing
sleep, treatment of epilepsy and
hypertension.
Seconal- commonly used by hospitality
girl.
Tranquilizers- drugs that can calm and
relax and diminish anxiety
Volatile Substance- popularly known as
gas, teardrops.
Alcohol- the king of all drugs with
potential for abuse.
2. Stimulants or Uppers- drugs having effects of
stimulating the CNS
Example:
- Amphetamines- used medically for reducing
obesity
- Cocaine- from coca bush plant (erythroxylon
Coca) from South America
- Caffiene- present in coffee, tea, cola drinks.
- Shabu/poor mans cociane-
methamphitamine hydrocloride.
- Nicotine- active componenet of tobacco
3. Hallucenugen- drugs considered to be
mind altering and general effects of mood
distortion.
Example:
-Marijuana
-LSD or Lysergic Acid Diethylamide-
obtained from ergot a from of fungus, the
most powerful psychedelics 1000 times than
marijuana.
-Peyote- from small gray brown peyote
cactus.
 - Mescaline- an alkaliod hallucinugen
extracted from peyote cactus.
- STP or Serenity, tranquility and
Peace- it is take off on the motor oil additive,
derived from mescaline that has longer
effects.
-Psilocybin- hallucinugenic alkaloid from
small Mexican mushrooms.
- Morning glory seeds- heavenly blues
other people call it, also a from of
hallucinugen, a black brown seed of the wild
tropical morning glory.
 Most Common Abused drugs

1. Sedatives- depressant drugs

2. Stimulants
3. Hallucinogen
4. Narcotics
5. Solvents
Popular Plants as Sources of Dangerous
Drugs

1. Marijuana
2. Opium Poppy Plant
3. Coca Bush Plant
4. Ephedra plant
 How Drugs are Administered
1. Oral
2. Injection
3. Inhalation
4. Tropical- directly to the body site such as
skin or mucous membrane.
5. Iontophoresis- deep layer of the skin by
use of special type of electric current for
local effect.
History of Drug Abuse
Objectives:
• At the end of the lesson, the learner should
be able to:
• 1. evoke the roots of how drug abuse
came into existence
• 2. compare and contrast the history of
marijuana with other plants sources of
dangerous drugs
• 3. a visual material showing the roots of
drug abuse.
 General History of Drug Abuse
• The Holy Bible
• The Book of Judges of the Old Testament
revealed that Samson was put to asleep by
Delilah by means of drugs.
• Philistines already discovered “high
spirited” narcotics mixed with intoxicants.
• Drug abuse were apparent in the old cities
of Sodom and Gomorrah that led to
widespread adultery, bestiality and incest.
• Continuation…….
• Ancient Greek and Roman Literature are
replete with stories alluding to drug abuse.
• A tragic romance of Mark Anthony and
Cleopatra, in desperation over her
disprized love drank a narcotic- laden wine
before allowing her self to be bitten by a
poisonous asp (snake that killed Cleopatra:
a small poisonous snake that caused the
death of Cleopatra, thought to have been a
member of the cobra family. Native to:
Africa, Asia,Europe) from the River Nile.
• Continuation…….

• During the Roman ancient times practices

of oracles and black magic were believed
to be accomplished by narcotics.
• Historians credited MJ as the world’s
oldest cultivated plant started by Incas of
Peru.
• Peruvian and Mexican Incas used coca
leaves during religious offering
ceremonies.
• MJ was also known as a “sacred tree” in
the belief of Assyrians during religious
rituals during 9000 years BC.
• Continuation…….

• The use of MJ is deeply ingrained in the

cultures of many countries like Jamaica,
Morocco, Nepal, Mexico and Peru.
• Northern Iran as the first reference of
introduction of MJ as an intoxicant.
• From there it spread throughout India by the
Hindus as religious rituals in the belief that it
is a source of happiness “laughter provoker”.
• “Hashis” (resin) of MJ was derived from the
name Hasan or Hashasin. A Muslim cult
leader who fed his disciple for every
successful assasinations.
• Continuation…….

• American Indians use not only tobacco as

stimulant but also opium in order to
“nicotize” oppositionist to their common
belief.
• Knowledge of Opium poppy plant
(Papaver Somneferum) goes back to 7000
BC.
• Cultivated and prepared by Sumerians
• Even Ancient Greek physician
Hippocrates, the father of Medicine
prescribed the juice of the white poppy
plant in 5000 BC in the belief that it can
• Continuation…….

• Opium plant was first harvested in

Mesopotamia and spread throughout
neighboring Mediterranean areas to Asia.
• Then to Persia, India and China by the
Arab.
• Opium use in China was steamed out from
India and became widespread in 19th
century.
• From Middle east , the plant was cultivated
in India, Pakistan and Afghanistan.
• Five years later, Opium trade between
China and Portuguese became lucrative
• Continuation…….

• In an attempt to stop opium addiction in

China, Emperor Yung Chen prohibited opium
smoking and close ports for its importation.
• This triggered “Opium war” of 1840 which
induced China to accept British sponsored
Opium trade and forced to sign a treaty
permitting importation of opium into China
after her defeat.
• In 1806 a German Pharmacist named
Friedrich W. Serturner discovered Morphine
– the first derivative of Opium.
• Continuation…….
• They called this new drug as “Morphium” and
later change to Morphine after the Greek God
of dream, MORPHEUS.
• Morphine addiction came prominence during
American Civil War – vast number of American
Soldiers became addicted to drugs
• Morphine addiction became known as
“soldiers disease”
• 1896 second attempt of treating opium and
morphine addiction started.
• Heroin (Diacetylmorphine), synthesized from
the drug morphine was discovered by British
Chemist named Alder Wright.
• Continuation…….

• They called it “miracle drug” because it is

believed it can cure both opium and
morphine addiction.
• It was named after “hero” due to its
impressive power.
• Physician began to use heroin but it
became a substitution of one addiction to
another.
• It turns out that heroin is the most
addictive of all drugs.
• Continuation…….

• Codeine a third derivative of opium was

discovered in France while in the process
of discovering other drugs that could cure
opium, heroin and morphine addiction.
• It ended as the same faith of the other
drugs.
• Widely used as an ingredient in cough
syrup.
• Physician all over the world still consider
narcotic as the most effective pain reliever.
History of Drug Abuse in the Philippines

• Drug used in the Philippine started during

Pre-Spanish Era.
• Early Filipinos use fermented alcoholic
beverages as masticatory preparations
known as “nga-nga” in vernacular.
• During Spanish Era, drug control laws
prohibits the use of opium by the native
Filipinos and other people except Chinese.
• Continuation…….

• Some Chinese particularly in Manila

started smoking Opium in 1780 as a vice.
• It spread throughout the country and
particularly accepted and tolerated by the
authorities.
• In 1844 the Spanish colonial government
monopolized opium importation and sale it
to Chinese users.
• At this period opium smoking became
widespread among Chinese and was
forbidden to Indians, Mestizos and the
Filipinos.
• Continuation…….

• But the compromise policy lasted up to

1896.
• During American regime, they established
civil government in 1901.
• A survey conducted and found out that the
habit had been gained foothold among
Filipinos.
• In 1906 a partial legislation allowed
Chinese addict to obtain license to us
eopium in their homes for a fee of 5 peso.
• Opium sale was under the government
control as well as the quality.
• Continuation…….

• In 1908 a total ban was effected.

• The campaign continued until the
Japanese occupation in 1946 in which
supply of opium were cut.
• In 1953 RA No. 953 was enacted which
provided registration of collection,
importation and special taxes upon all
person who produce, import, manufacture,
deal, dispense, sell, distribute, or give
away opium, MJ, opium poppies or coca
leaves or any synthetic drugs.
• Continuation…….

• In 1955 some foreigners introduced MJ

plant in Pasay City.
• These were sold in taverns in Pasay City
and in some elite schools in the area.
• In January 8, 1959 the PC Criminal
Investigation conducted the first marijuana
raid in Pasay City
• Early 60’s some small heroin laboratories
opened in Manila.
• In 1963 opium addiction among Chinese
and Filipinos increased.
• Continuation…….

• President Ferdinand E Marcos signed RA

6425 known as “Dangerous Drug Act of
1972” on MARCH 30 1972.
• The law was amended by PD 44 dated
November 9, 1972 placed under control not
only narcotics but also psychotropic
substances.
• November 14, 1972 the DDB was organized
to provide leadership, direction and
coordination in the implementation of RA
6425.
• Early 1974, addiction of opiates and
barbiturates almost disappeared.
• Continuation…….

• 1975 – 1980, the cultivation of MJ

increased and became geographically
widespread specially cough syrup and
solvents.
• According to United Nations Office of
Drugs and Crime (UNOC) opium was first
reported in the Philippines in 17th century.
• In 19th century use of opium increased in
the latter part of as Chinese immigrants
took the habit.
• Opium dens were established throughout
the country in 1903.
• Continuation…….

• In 1906, the United States banned opium

use but it did not stop smuggling
operations from China.
• Opium provided about 4% of colonial
revenue and in the end of US regime
decided to restrict the sales to Chinese
males and registered 12,700 opium
smokers.
• In 1960’s in Manila, heroin laboratories
began operation producing local amounts
of heroin in the market.
• In 1970’s production of heroin increased
• Continuation…….

• By the late 1970’s this dropped to around

12,000 and a period of extreme drug
suppression followed.
• 1980’s methamphetamine and ephedrine
hydrochloride entered the country via Hong
Kong and became known as Shabu.
• At present, Philippines is a major producer
and exporter of MJ and has been for many
years according to UNODC.
• Largest cultivation areas are found in
mountain areas of Northern Luzon, Central
Visayas, Southern and Western Mindanao.
• Continuation…….

• Part of cultivated MJ is transported to

Malaysia and Taiwan.
• Most MJ is consumed domestically to
Australia, Japan, US and Europe.
• MJ is the most available and affordable
drug in the country.
• On the other hand, the use of
methamphetamine has grown substantially
and it is now the favored drug.
• Continue to smuggle by ship from China
Drug Trafficking: The Illicit Drug
Trade
• At the end of the lesson, the students are
expected to:
• A. recount the concept of drug trafficking
and how it is being done
• B. compare the drug situation of the
country with other countries of the world
 What is Drug Trafficking?
• A clear and present global danger
• A trade of synthetic stimulants
• Cuddled by a highly entrenched, well-
organized drug syndicates.
• Employ the most advanced and
sophisticated technology coupled with
unlimited financial resources.
• Continuation…….

• Drug Trafficking also known as Illegal Drug

Trade
• A global black market activity consisting of
production, distribution, packaging and
sale of illegal psychoactive substances.
• Involves smuggling across borders
 Techniques used by Drug
Traders
• Avoiding border checks
• Submitting to border checks with drugs
hidden under the vehicle, between
merchandise, in luggage, under clothes
and inside the body.
 What is a Drug Mule
• A lower echelon criminal recruited by a
smuggling organization to cross border
carrying drugs.
• Sometimes an unknowing person in
whose bag or vehicle the drugs are
planted.
 Two Primary means of
Distribution
• 1. A Hierarchy –an arrangement includes
manufacturer who uses his own men to
smuggle, wholesale and store, and
distributes the drugs.
• 2. Hub and Spoke Layout – takes
advantage of local gangs and other
localized criminal organizations
• Continuation…….

• Cartel is a center with satellite

organizations that may provide certain
services to the manufacturer.
• Smuggling is accomplished via small
boats and yacht, air vehicles and by gangs
paid with some merchandise.
• Wholesalers cut the merchandise for
economy reason
• Adulteration takes place after the
smuggled substance has crossed the
border.
• Continuation…….

• Wholesalers are not individual people

• They are mafias and local gangs
 The Drug Syndicates
• A group of organized and professional
criminals with a formal hierarchy of
organization set in illicit drug trade.
• Also known as “drug cartel”
• One of the reason why drug trafficking is
hard to control
 Columbian Medellin Cartel
• a World’s notorious drug syndicate
• Founded during 1980 by Columbian drug
lord Pablo Escobar Gaviria
• Drug bosses Jose Gonzalo, Rodriguez
Gacha
• Drug aid coccaine barons Juan David and
Ochoa Brothers
• Responsible for organizing world’s drug
trafficking network.
 Cali Cartel
• Another drug cartel based in the south part
of Columbia, around the city of Cali.
• Controlled 80% of cocaine exports from
Columbia to US
• Founded by Gilberto Rodriguez Orejuela
in 1970’s.
• His brothers Miguel Rodriguez Orejuela,
Jose Santa Cruz Londono and Helmer
Herrera.
• Continuation…….

• Engaged in constant conflict with

Escobar’s Cartel.
• Helped fund the vigilante group Los Pepes
who fought against Escobar
 Norte del Valle Cartel
• A drug cartel which operated in the north
of the Valle del Cauca region of Columbia.
• Rose to prominence during second half of
1990s after Cali and Medellin Carltel.
• Led by druglords Diego Leon Montoya aka
“Don Diego”, Wilber Varela aka “Jabon”
and Hernando Gomez Bustamante aka
“Rasguňo” (scratch)
Other Organized Crime Groups
• Chinese Mafia known as the Triad
• The Cosa Nostra based in the US
• Octopus Napolitan Camorra based in
Europe
• The Yakuza of Japan
• The Sicilian Mafia of Italy
• Some locally organized crime group.
 World Wide Drug Outlook

• First Important Drug Traffic Route

 Illicit Drug Routes

Middle east
( Discovery, Plantation, Cultivation, Harvest

Turkey
( Preparation and Distribution)

Europe
(Manufacture, Synthesis, Refine)

United State
(Marketing, Distribution)
 The Golden Triangle

Thailand

Laos Myanmar
The Golden Crescent

Afghanistan

Pakistan

Iran

India
 World Wide Perspective
 Middle East – Becka Valley of Lebanon is
considered to be the biggest producer of
cannabis in the Middle East.
 Lebanon - became the transit country for
cocaine from South America to European
illicit drug markets.
 Spain – known as the major transhipment
point.
 Became “paradise of drug users in
Europe”
• South America, Columbia, Peru, Uruguay
and Panama are principal sources of
cocaine supply in the world.
 Morocco – a number one producer of MJ
 Mexico – still a major producer of cannabis
 Philippines – second to Morocco as to the
production of Marijuana. Became the
major transhipment point for world wide
distribution of shabu and cocaine from
Taiwan and South America.
 Also known as “drug paradise of drug
abusers in Asia”.
• India – is the center of the world’s drug
map.
• Indonesia – Northern Sumatra a main
cannabis growing area in Indonesia.
• Bali Indonesia – an important transit point
fro drugs to Australia and New Zealand.
• Singapore, Malaysia, and Thailand – the
most favorable sites of drug distribution
from the Golden Triangle.
• China – a transit route for heroin from the
Golden Triangle to Hong Kong. A country
where Epedra plant is cultivated.
• Hong Kong – the world’s transshipment
point of all forms of heroin.
• Japan – became the major consumer of
cocaine and shabu from US and Europe.
Philippines as a Transshipment
Country
 A narcotics source and transshipment
country.
 a transshipment point for export of crystal
methamphetamine to Japan, Australia,
Canada, Korea and the US.
 How Addiction is Acquired
1. Association
2. Experimentation
3. Un-experienced medical practitioner
Characteristics of Drug Addiction
4. Uncontrollable Craving
5. Tolerance
6. Addiction
7. Physical dependence
8. Psychological dependence
9. Withdrawal Syndrome
 Primary Caused of Drug Abuse
1. Pride
2. Anger
3. Lust
4. Gluttony
5. Greed
6. Envy
7. Laziness
 Group Classification of Drug User
1. Situational User- used drug to keep awake
2. Spree Users- school age user who take
drugs for “Kicks” and adventurous daring
experience.
3. Hard Core User- those activities revolve
around the drug and securing supplies.
4. Hippies- addicted believing that drug is an
integral part of life.
 Manifestation of Drug User
1. Change in mood
2. Frequent shifting of mood
3. Changes in behavior
4. Changes in physical appearance
 Laws on Drugs
1. RA 6425- known as the Dangerous Drug Act of
1972
2. RA 9165- known as the Comprehensive
Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002
Government Agency
3. DDB- Dangerous Drugs Board- Policy making
body and strategy making body in the planning
and formulation of policies and programs on
drug prevention and control
2. PDEA- Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency,
implementing arms of the DDB
 Powers and Function of PDEA
1. Cause the effctive and efficient
implementation of the national drug
control strategy.
2. Enforcement of the provision of Art 11 of
RA 9165.
3. Undertake investigation, make arrest and
apprehension of violators and seizure
and confiscation of dangerous drugs.
4. Established forensic laboratories.
5. Filing appropriate drug cases.
6. Conduct eradication program.
7. Maintain national drug intelligence
system.
8. Close coordination with local and
international drug syndicate.
Unlawful Acts and Penalties under RA 9165
Acts P

Life Imprisonment to Death/ Fine

Importation of DD and or Controlled Ranging from 500,000 to
Precursor and Essential Chemicals 10 million.

Sale, Trading, Administration,

Delivery, Distribution and Life Imprisonment to Death/fine
Transportation of DD or Precursor Ranging from 500,000 to
And essential chemicals 10 million
 Maintenance of Den, Dive or Resort LI to Death/ fine ranging from
Where DD are used or sold 500,000 to 10 million
In any from

Being an employee or visitor of a Den, Imprisonment from12 and 1 day

Dive or resort To 20 years/ fine from 100,00
To 500,000

Manufacturing of DD or CP and LI to Death fine ranging

Essential Chemicals From 500,00 to 10 million
 Illegal Chemical diversion of I -raging from 12 years, 1 day to
Controlled Precursor 20 years/ ranging from100,00
And Essential Chemicals To 500,000

Manufacturing or Delivery or Equipment,

Apparatus and other Paraphernalia I -ranging from 12 years, 1 day
For DD and or Controlled To 20 years/ fine 100,000
Precursor and Essential To 500,000
Chemicals( Sec.10)
 LI- to Death/ fine 500,000
Possession of DD To 10 million

Possession of equipment, Instrument, 6 months, 1 day to 4 years

Apparatus and other Parapharnalia Fine 10,000 to 50,000
For DD
Possession of DD during Parties, social
Gathering or meetings( Sec 13) LI to death fine 500,00
Possession of Equipment To 10 million
,Instrument and other parapharnalia
During parties and meetings or
Social gatherings

Minimum of 6 months
Rehabilitation (1st offense), 6 yrs, 1 day to
Use of DD (Sec.15) 12 yrs, fine from 500,00 to 200,00
( 2nd Offense)
 Section 11of RA 9165
Possession of Dangerous Drugs penalized
from life to death and fines ranging from
500,000 to 10 million unless authorized
by law

1. 10 grams or more of opium

2. 10 grams or more of morphine
3. 10 grams or more of heroin
4. 10 grams or more of cocaine or cocaine
hydrocloride.
5. 50 grams or more of Methamphetamine
hydrochloride or shabu.
6. 10 grams or more of marijuana resin or
resin oil
7. 500 grams or more of marijuana
8. 10 grams or more of other dangerous
drugs such as:
- methylenedioxymethamphethamine
(MDA) or Ectasy
 - paramethoxyamphetamine(PMA)
- trimethoxyamphetamine (TMA)
- Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)
- gamma
hydroxyamphethamine(GHB
 Possession of Drugs whose quantity below
under the provision of Section 11 of RA
9165 shall be punished as follows:
1. Life imprisonment and fine ranging from 400,00
to 500,000 if shabu is 10 grams or more but less
than 50 grams.
2. Imprisonment of 20 years and 1 day to life
and a fine ranging from 400,00-500,000 if the
quantities of DD are 5 grams or more but less
than 10 grams of Opium, Morphine, Heroin,
Cocaine, MJ Resin, MMDA and 300 grams or
more but less than 500 grams of marijuana.
3. Imprisonment of 12 years and 1 day to
20 years and fine ranging from 300,00 to
400,00 if the quantities of DD are less than
5 grams of opium, morphine, heroin,
cocaine, MJ resin, Shabu, MMDA and less
300 grams of MJ.
 Causes and Influences of Drug
Abuse
• What is Drug Abuse
• Refers to the use of a drug with such
frequency that it causes physical or mental
harm to the user or impairs social
functioning.
 What is Drug Dependency
• Sometimes called drug addiction
• The users continue to take drug over an
extended period of time
• The users find it difficult to stop
• The users stop taking their drug if supply
is cut off.
 Drug Addiction
• Is a state of mind in which a person has
lost the power to control in respect of a
drug.
• Consumes drug repeatedly
 Characteristics of Drug
Addiction
• Uncontrollable Craving – addict feels a
compulsive craving to take drug
repeatedly.
• Tolerance – the tendency to increase dose
of drug to produce the same effect
• Addiction – the addict is powerless to quit
drug use
• Physical dependence – his physiological
functioning is altered.
• The body becomes sick, inactive and
incapable of carrying out useful activity in
the absence of the drug.
• Psychological dependence – emotional
and mental discomfort exist to the
individual. He feels he can’t do anything
without drug.
• Withdrawal Syndrome – the addict
becomes nervous and restless when he
does not get the drug.
 How Addiction is Acquired?
• ASSOCIATION – the tendency of a drug
abuser to look for peer groups where he
feels being wanted and accepted.
• Experimentation – the tendency of a
person to try and explore to effects of
drugs due to CURIOSITY or other reason.
• Inexperienced doctors – the tendency of
doctors and physician to unnecessarily
prescribe drugs
• Habituation – repetitious engagement of
drug use which is closely related to the
experience of the euphoric effect of drugs
and the relief of pain or emotional
discomfort.
• Tolerance – the necessity to increase the
dose to obtain the effect.
• Dependence – altered physiological state
brought about by the repeated
administration of the drug.
 Underlying Influences of Drug
Abuse
• Biological Factors
• Individual’s great health – diseases the
easily make a person become a drug
abuser.
• A belief that drug has special power to
prevent or increase sexual capacity.
• Inherited defect in the production of
endorphin, similar to morphine. A
deficiency of the substance leads to bodily
discomfort.
 Factors in Drug Abuse
• 1. Motives and Attitudes – psychologically,
the more drug used, the more it tends to
satisfy the need.
• Can also be a product of curiousity.
• Eagerness
• Pakikisama
• Peer group pressure
• To prove guts
• Escape problems
• To reduce appetite
• To improve sex
• To improve intelligence or learning
• To feel less depress
• Relieves tension or nervousness
• To make good moral mood last longer
• Relieve anger or irritation
• 2. Personality and Pathology – psychology
described as:
• Low grade depression
• Tense and restlessness
• A sense of not being taken seriously
• Preoccupation with issues
• Freedom of expression
• Difficulty in interpersonal relation
• 3. Family Background
• Personality disturbances
• Being identified as brain damage
• A character disorder
• Condition of child rearing
• Inadequate socialization
• A weak father
• Overprotective and domineering mother
• Inconsistent behavior
• Conflict between parents
• 4. Other Psycho- Social Factors
• Personality disorder
• Immature
• Emotional childish
• Insecure feelings
• Problems of adolescence.
 Primary Causes of Drug Abuse
• SEVEN DEADLY SINS
• 1. Pride – excessive feeling of self worth
or self esteem, sense of importance
• 2. Anger – unexpressed, deep seated
anger against himself, his family, his
friends or society in general.
• 3. Lust – burning sexual desire can distort
the human mind to drug abuse.
• 4. Gluttony – “food trip”
• 5.Greed – wealth, fame, recognition as
exemplified by people under pressure.
• 6. Envy – to get attention from someone:
as a sign of protest envy is a major cause
of drug abuse.
• 7. Laziness – incapacity to achieve.
Boredom coupled with poor image.
 Group Classification of Drug
Abusers
• 1. Situational Users – those who use drug
to keep them awake
• 2. Spree Users – school age users who
take drugs for “kicks” an adventurous
daring experience and for fun.
• 3. Hard Core Addicts – those whose
activities revolve almost entirely around
drugs
• 4. Hippies – those who are addicted to
drugs believing that drug is an integral part
of life.
 Identification of Drug Abusers
• WHAT TO OBSERVE?
• Change in Interest
• Frequent Shift of Mood
• Changes in Behavior
• Changes in Physical Appearance
 Profile of Drug Users
• Age – 26 years (since 1996), 27 years
(1999)
• Sex – Ratio of male to female is12: 1
• Civil Status – single 55.78%
• Married – 32.58%
• Separated – 4.43%
• Occupation
• -workers / employees 42.51%
• Unemployed -21.75%
• Self-employed – 12.58%
• Students – 12.16%
• 0ut of school youth – 3.68%
• Educational attainment
• - high school – 27.77%
• - college level 27.07%
• - High school grad. – 22.77%
• Economic status – average monthly
income 5,290 pesos
• Place of residence – Urban
• Duration of drug taking – more than 2
years
• Drugs of choice – Shabu and MJ

• DDB Report as of 1998-1999

 Process of Detecting Drug
Abusers
• Observation – signs and symptoms
• Collateral Information – interview with
information
• Interview with patient – inquiry regarding
his activity.
• Laboratory Examination – application of
some special chemicals.
• Psychological Examination – requires
expertise of trained psychologists
Psychological Tests Conducted
• Intelligence Test – cover a wide variety of
mental functions
• Personality Test – evaluation of one’s
character and personality traits.
• Aptitude Test – a test to measure the
readiness.
• Interest Test – designed to reveal the field
of interest that a client will be interested in.
• Psychiatric Evaluation – a process
whereby a team of professionals conduct
an examination to determine whether or
not a patient is suffering from psychiatric
disorder.
• Alcohol and drugs are gateway drugs
Classification of Dangerous Drugs
According to Effects
 THE DEPRESSANTS

 Suppress vital bodily functions especially the

brain and central nervous system.
 Impairment of judgment, hearing, speech
and muscular coordination.
 Dull the minds
 Slow down the reactions.
 They include narcotics, barbiturates,
tranquilizers, alcohol and volatile solvents.
 Decrease both mental and physical activities
of the body.
 Can cause depression and relieve pain
 Induce sedation or sleep and suppress cough
 Narcotics
 Relieves pain
 Produce profound sleep or stupor when
introduced to the body.
 Medically, they are potent painkillers
 Cough depressants
 An active component of diarrhea preparations
 Meperidine and methadone are classified as
narcotics
 Opium
 Derived from a poppy plant (Papaver
Somneferum)
 Popularly known as “gum”, “gamot”, “kalamay”
or “panocha”
 Can grow from 3 to 6 feet
 Originally fro Mesopotamia
 Its active ingredient is “meconic acid” – the
analgesic property.
 Morphine
 Commonly used and best used opiate
 Effective painkiller
 Six times potent than opium
 Exerts action characterized by analgesia,
drowsiness, mood changes, and mental
clouding
 Heroin
 Three or five times more powerful than
morphine.
 Most addicting opium derivative
 Addiction occurs within 14 days.
 May be sniffed on swallowed but is usually
injected in the veins.
 Codeine
 A derivative of opium
 Commonly available in cough preparations
 Widely abused by the youth.
 Withdrawal syndrome are less severe than
other drugs.
 Paregoric
 A tincture of opium in combination with
camphor.
 Commonly used as household remedy for
diarrhea and abdominal pain.
 Barbiturates
 Used for inducing sleep in persons plagued
with anxiety, mental stress and insomnia.
 Used as treatment of epilepsy and
hypertension.
 Available in capsules, pills or tablets.
 Can be taken orally or injection.
 Demerol and Methadone
 Common synthetic drugs with morphine
 Widely used as painkiller in childbirth
 Methadone is a drug of choice in the
withdrawal treatment of heroin dependents.
 Relieves physical craving for heroin.
 Seconal
 Commonly used among hospitality girls.
 Sudden withdrawal from these drugs is more
dangerous than opiate withdrawal.
 The dependent develops generalized
convulsions and delirium.
 Frequently associated with heart and
respiratory failure.
 Tranquilizers
 Drugs that can calm and relax
 Can diminish anxiety
 Used in treatment of nervous states and
some mental disorders without producing
sleep.
 Volatile Solvents
 Gaseous substance popularly known to
abusers as “gas” and “teardrops”.
 Comes into Aerosol products
 They are inhaled by the use of plastic bags,
handkerchief or rags soak in these chemicals.
 Alcohol
 The king of all drugs with potential for abuse.
 Considered as the most widely used socially
accepted and most extensively legalized drug
throughout the world.
 In medicine, it is a valuable disinfectant.
 Used as external remedy for reducing high
fever among children.
 Used as preservative and solvent for
pharmaceutical preparations.
The Stimulants (Uppers)
 Produce effects opposite to depressants
 Produce mental alertness, wakefulness
 Reduce hunger and provide a feeling of well
being.
 Used to treat NARCOLEPSY – a condition
characterized by an overwhelming desire to
sleep.
 Abrupt withdrawal of these drugs can result in
a deep and suicidal depression.
 Amphetamines
 Used medically for weight reducing in obesity.
 Relief of mild depression and treatment.
 Cocaine
 Taken from coca bush plant (Erythroxylon
Coca)
 Grows in South America
 Usually in a powder form
 Can be taken orally, injeccted, or sniffed to
achieve ephoria – an intense feeling of
“highness”.
 Caffeine
 Present in coffee, tea, chocolate, cola drinks
and some wake up pills.
 Shabu
 Also known as “poor man’s coccaine”
 Chemically known as methamphetamine
hydrochloride.
 It stimulate the central nervous system
 Sometimes called “upper” or “speed”.
 It comes in white, colorless crystal or
crystalline powder with a bitter numb taste.
 Nicotine
 An active component in tobacco
 Act as powerful stimulant of the CNS
 A drop of pure nicotine can kill a person.
 The Hallucinogen
(Psychedelic)
 A group of drugs that consists of mind-altering
drugs
 Can distorts reality, thinking and perceptions
of time, sound, space and sensation.
 Can produce false perception which at times
can be strange.
 “trips” can be exhilarating or terrifying good or
bad.
 May dislocate consciousness and his mood,
thinking and concept of self
 Marijuana
 Is the most commonly abused hallucinogen in
the Philippines
 Can be grown extensively in the country
 Used for relaxation while drinking beer or
cocktail at the end of the day.
 Can produce the feeling of grandeur (the
quality of being great or grand and very
impressive).
 Can produce dreamy sensation.
 Lysergic Acid Diethylamide
 A most powerful drug of the psychedelics
 Obtain fro ergot – a fungus that attacks rye
kernels
 1,000 times more powerful than MJ
 Can cause perceptual changes
 Users see colors, shapes, or objects more
intensely than normal and hallucinations of
things that are not real.
 An experience that are bizarre (unusual)
 Loss spatial perceptions
 Personality diffusion and changes in values
 Perceive distortion of time, colors, sounds
and depth.
 Can experience “scent’ music and sounds in
“color”.
 Peyote

 Derived from the surface part of a small gray

brown cactus.
 Emits a nauseating odor
 Users suffers from nausea. (stomach ache)
 Causes no physical dependence
 No withdrawal syndrome
 Serenity, Tranquility and Peace
(STP)
 A take-off on the motor oil additive
 A chemical derivative of mescaline claimed to
produce more violent and longer effects than
mescaline dose.
 Its effects are similar to the nerve gas used in
chemical warfare.
 Less potent than LSD
 Its effect s are similar to psychedelics.
 Psilocybin
 A hallucinogenic alkaloid from small Mexican
mushrooms.
 Used by Mexican Indians
 Can induced nausea, muscular relax , mood
changes, visions and hallucinations.
 Its effects may last for four to five hours.
 Depressions, laziness, complete loss of time
and space perceptions.
 Morning Glory Seeds
 A black and brown seeds of the wild tropical
morning glory
 Used to produce hallucinations
 Seeds are ground into flour, soaked in cold
water and strained through cloth and drunk.
 Sold under the names of “heavenly blues”,
“flying dancers” and “pearly gates”
 Prolonged psychosis is one of the effects
 THE EFFECTS OF DRUG
ABUSE
• THE GENERAL EFFECTS
• As to the Physical Effects
• MALNUTRITION
• An addict losses appetite
• Suffers a severe gastrointestinal
disturbance that results to severe
dehydration
Skin Infections and Skin Rashes
• Often times the drug abusers neglects his
personal hygiene.
• Uses unsterilized needles and syringes
that result in skin infections.
• Skin rashes occur as side effect or
sensitivity reaction
• Infectious diseases such as tuberculosis,
bronchitis, bronchial asthma, and viral
hepatitis
• Marijuana smoking can produce physical
conditions like chronic bronchitis and
asthma.
• It also develop tuberculosis
• A drug abuser tends to develop lowered
resistance and become susceptible to
infections such as HIV / AIDS
 As to the Psychological Effects
• Can bring to psychological malfunctions
• Deterioration of personality with impaired
emotional maturation.
• Impairment of adequate mental function
• Loss of drive and ambition
• Development of psychosis and depression
• Loss of interest to study
• Laziness, lethargy, boredom and
restlessness
• Irritability, rebellious attitude
• Withdrawn forgetfulness
 As to the Social Effects
• A drug abuser may suffer social
dysfunction such as:
• Deterioration of interpersonal relationship
• Conflict with authority
• Commissions of crimes
• Social maladjustment
• Loss of desire to work, study and
participate activities.
 As to the Mental Effects
• Adverse effects the CNS
• Reduces activity of the brain
• Suffers the “mental invalid” in the sense
that drug can manipulate him
• Make him lose his power
• Make him behave contrary to normal.
• Dulling or distorting sensory perceptions
• Providing a temporary means of escape
from realities.
• Reduce or accelerate activity to create
indifference, depressive mood or
carelessness.
 As to the Economic Effects
• Inability to hold stable job
• Dependence on family resources
• Accidents in industry
 THE LAW ENFORCEMENT
APPROACH
• RA 6425, also known as Dangerous Drug
Act of 1972
• Promulgated in March 30, 1972
• 20,000 Filipino drug users were recorded.
• LIM SENG execution in 1972 dried the
supply of heroin in the streets.
• On November 9, 1972, PD No.44
procedurally amended sec. 4 of RA 6425
• By the year 1980, drug users increased to
250,000 in the country.
• PD No. 1675, PD No. 1683 and PD No.
1708 were promulgated to supposedly
give more teeth to out laws.
• In 1981, the rise drug continued.
• In this year, foreign drug syndicates used
our shores as a transit point of heroin and
cocaine traffic.
• Metro Manila remained as center of drug
activity accounting 42% of the total arrests
made in 1981
• Foreign counterparts started to pour in to
aid our government and to combat drugs.
• As a result the gov’t. implemented
treatment and rehab centers due to an
increasing number of abusers.
• In 1982, BP 179 effected another
procedural amendments to RA 6425.
• The law itemized prohibited drugs and its
derivatives.
• Opiates, opium poppy straw, leaves or
wrapping for use or not were classified as
dangerous drugs
• In 1983, there were 343,750 drug abusers
• Drugs sources are Pakistan, Thailand, and
Hongkong.
• Philippines was slowly emerging as a
source in 1984.
• In 1986, drug users commonly practice
poly-drug abuse, majority age from 15-24.
• For two year period, the drug population
increased to 450,000. arrests and seizure
were doubled due to intensified supply
reduction effort by drug law enforcement
agencies
• In 1987, the emergence of shabu as a
popular drug abuse.
• Also in this time Hongkong base
syndicates engage in trafficking
established tie-ups with Filipino-Chinese
drug syndicates.
• The Philippine Constitution abolished
death penalty in 1987.
• In the same year 2,700 fully grown coca
plants were uprooted in Agho island, San
Rafael, Iloilo.
• Cocaine production was discovered
according intelligence report.
• 1988, statistics showed that there were
480,000 drug users in the country, 70% of
which were in Manila.
• 1989, Shabu emerge as the second most
popular drug abuse next to MJ.
• IN 1990, shabu continues to rise. There
were 500,000 drug users recorded in
1990. and rise up to 600,000
• In 1992, the government continued to
pursue vigorous programs of actions
against the drug problem.
• Shabu emerges as the number one drug
abuse among the users.
• In 1993, there were 800,000 drug users
recorded dubbing that year.
• December 13, 1993, death penalty was
restored.
• The new law did not really strengthen RA
6425 but rather made drug law
enforcement more difficult because
• what is being punished now is the quantity
of drugs seized and no longer the act or
intention of drug pushing.
• In 1994, drug problem become more
pressing despite supply and demand
reduction.
• In 1995, shabu and cannabis abuse were
persisted in the illicit drug market.
• It is well financed by foreign-based
syndicates.
• A sudden increased of female drug
abusers to .2 million.
• In year 1995, shabu abuse increased by
75.09%
• More buy-bust operation were launched
against merchants of death
• Majority of whom were Chinese triad
members.
• In 1996, more high level shabu interdiction
were launched.
• In 1997, drug users population increased
to 1.7 million in 1997.
• The national drug strategy is built on the
principles of supply and demand
reduction.
• One key response is an aggressive and
coordinated law enforcement.
• On the other hand, drug treatment and
prevention programs are the other
important components of the national
strategy.
• New counter measure must be develop
and implemented.
• More importantly, the Comprehensive
Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002 or RA 9165
was enacted to add more teeth on the
government response to the ongoing
problem on drug abuse in the country.
• RA 9165 –COMPREHENSIVE
DANGEROUS DRUGS ACT OF 2002.
• Approved on June 7, 2002 – effective July
4, 2002.
 What is the Dangerous Drugs
Board (DDB)?
• The DDB is the policy-making body and
strategy-making body in the planning and
formulation of policies and programs on
drug prevention and control. (under the
office of the President).
• Composition: 17 members (3 as
permanent, 12 as ex-officio, 2 regular
members)( sec. 78, Art. IX)
• 12 ex officio members:
• Secretary of DOJ, DOH, DND, DOF,
DOLE, DILG, DSWD, DFA, and DepEd,
Chairman of CHED, NYC, and the Dir.
Gen. of PDEA.
• 2 regular members: President of the IBP,
and the Pres/Chairman of an NGO
involved in a dangerous drug campaign to
be appointed by the President.
• The NBI Director and the Chief of the PNP
–permanent consultant of the board.
 What is the PDEA?
• PDEA means Philippine Drug Enforcement
Agency.
• It is the implementing arm of the DDB and
responsible for the efficient and effective
law enforcement of all provisions on ant
dangerous drugs and / or precursors and
essential chemicals.
• Head: Director General – appointed by the
President
• Assisted By: 2 Deputies Director General
(one for Admin, another for Opns.) –
appointed by the president (sec. 82, Art
IX).
• PDEA Operating Units:
• It absorbed the NDLE-PCC (created under
E.O. 61), NARCOM of the PNP, Narcotics
Division of the NBI, and the Customs
Narcotics Interdiction Unit (Sec. 86, Art.
IX).
 Anti-Drug Drives and
Operational Concepts
• Oplan Thunderbolt I – operation to create
impact to the underworld.
• Oplan Thunderbolt II – operations to
neutralize suspected illegal drug
laboratories.
• Oplan Thunderbolt III – Operations for the
neutralization of big time drug pushers’
drug dealers and drug lords.
• Oplan Iceberg – Special operations team
in selected drug prone areas in order to
get rid of illegal drug activities in the area.
• Oplan Hunter – operations against
suspected military and police personnel
who are engage in illegal drug activities.
• Oplan Mercurion – Operations against
drug stores, which are violating existing
regulations on the scale of regulated drugs
in coordination with the DDB, DOH and
BFAD.
• Oplan Tornado – operations in drug
notorious and high profile places.
• Oplan Greengold – nationwide MJ
eradication operations in coordination with
the local government and the NGO’s.
• Oplan Sagip-Yagit – a civic program
initiated by the NGO’s and local
government offices to help eradicate drug
syndicates involving street children as
drug conduit.
• Oplan Banat – the newest operational plan
against drug abuse focused in the
barangay level in cooperation with
barangay officials.
• Oplan Athena – operation conducted to
neutralize the 14k, the Bamboo gang and
other local organized crimes groups
involved in illegal drug trafficking.
• Oplan Cyclops – operations against
Chinese triad members involved in the
illegal drug operations particularly shabu.
 • In the conduct of anti-drug operation, the
following must be strictly considered:
• Respect for Human Rights (Sec. 11, Art.2,
Phil. Constitution)
• Respect for right of the people to due
process and equal protection ( Sec. 1, Art.
3, Phil. Constitution)
• Respect of Right of people against
unreasonable search and seizure. (Sec. 2,
Art. 3, Phil. Constitution)
• Respect for right of the people to privacy
of communication (Sec.3, Art. 3, Phil.
Constitution)
• Respect for the statutory rights of the
accused undergoing custodial
investigation under RA 7438
 Principles of Drug Operations
• 1. Knowledge on circumstances on when
to use necessary force (Art. 11, Chapter 3,
RPC)
• 2. Knowledge on the statutory provisions
on arrest (Rule 113, Rules on Criminal
Procedures).
• 3. Knowledge on the administrative
guidelines on arrest, search and seizure
• 4. The Miranda Doctrine
• 5. Warrantless Search Incidental to Lawful
Arrest (Rule 126, Rules on Criminal
Procedure).
 RULES ON NARCOTICS
OPERATION
• General Rules and Procedures:
• 1. Only specially trained and completed
drug enforcement personnel shall conduct
drug enforcement and prevention
operations.
• 2. All drug enforcement and prevention
operations shall be covered by a Pre-
operations report.
• 3. All steps taken before, during and after
the conduct of the operation must be
documented and properly authenticated.
• 4. Operating units shall promptly submit
written report after the operation.
• 5. No apprehender or seized item shall be
released without authorization from the
duly designated authority.
• 6. All pieces of evidence confiscated will
be deposited with proper Evidence
Custodian for safekeeping and proper
handling.
• 7. Each participating element must be
given clear and do-able task.
 Coverage of the Rules
• Buy-bust operations
• Search with warrant
• MJ eradication
• Mobile Check Point Operations
• Airport / Seaport Interdiction
• Controlled Delivery
• Undercover Operations
• Narcotics Investigation
 Stages of Operations
• PHASE 1 – Initial Stage
• Planning and preparations which include
surveillance, casing, reconnaissance and
other preliminary activities.
• Conduct of operation
 • PHASE II – Action and Post Action Stage
• Tactical interrogations (follow-up
operation)
• Post operation
• Custodial Investigation
• Prosecution
• Trial
• Resolution
 Buy Bust Operation
• - it is a form of entrapment employed by
peace officers as an effective way of
apprehending criminal in the act of
commission of the offense.
 Marijuana Eradication
• -involves the location and destruction of
marijuana plantations, including the
identifications, arrest and prosecution of
the planter, owner or cultivator, and the
escheating of the land where the
plantation is located.
Airport and Seaport Interdiction
• - involves the conduct of surveillance,
interception and interdiction of persons
and evidence during travel by air or sea
vessels.
 Controlled Delivery
• This is the technique of allowing elicit or
suspect consignment of narcotic drugs,
psychotropic substances or substances
substituted for them to pass out of,
through or into the territory of one or more
countries, with the knowledge and under
the supervision of their competent
authorities with a view of identifying
persons involved in the commission of
drug related offenses.
 Undercover Operations
• - is an investigative technique in which the
personnel involve assumes different
identities in order to obtain necessary
information.
• Considered as a method of surveillance
 Legal Aspects of Drug Testing
• Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of
2002 (RA 9165)
– Safeguard the state, its citizen from harmful
effects of dangerous drugs
• Enhance the efficiency of the law against
dangerous drugs
• Enhance campaign against trafficking and use
of dangerous drugs
• Re- integrate drug users back into the society
 Mandatory Drug Testing
• All persons charged before the
prosecutor’s office with an offense having
an impossible penalty of imprisonment of
not less than 6 years and 1 day.
• Any person arrested for violations of the
provisions of RA 9165, subjected to
screening drug test within 24 hours. If
positive, confirmatory testing within 15
days after the receipt of result.
• All candidates for public office whether
appointed or elected both in national or
local government.
 Who are required to undergo
mandatory drug testing?
• Applicants for driver’s license (new and
renewal)
• Applicants for firearms license
• Applicants for permit to carry firearms
outside of residence.
• Officers and members of the military,
police and other law enforcement
agencies (annual drug testting)
• All persons who by nature of thier
profession carry firearms.
• Students of secondary and tertiary schools
• Officers and employees of public and
private offices.
• All persons charged before the
prosecutors office of criminal offense
punishable with imprisonment of not less
than 6 years and I day.
• Candidates for public office whether
appointed or elected in the national and
local government.
Who may undergo random drug
testing?
Students of secondary and tertiary schools
(DECS/CHED to implement)
Requisites:
Pursuant to rules and regulations in the student
handbook
With notice to parents
Government shall bear the cost of drug testing
(private and public school)
 Basis/authority to conduct
Random Drug testing for
Students
• DDB regulation #6
• Scope: all private and public secondary,
tertiary and higher education institutions.
 If found positive (after
confirmatory testing)?
• First offense: minimum 6 months
rehabilitation in a government center.

• Second offense: imprisonment 6 years 1

day to 12 years
• Fine of 50,000 to 200,000 ( sec. 15 RA
9165)
 Reasons Why People Turn to
Drugs
• Poverty
• Ignorance
• Loss of family values and solidarity
• Various factors
 What is a “date rape” drugs?
• The term “date rape” refers to illegal drugs
that are sometimes used to overpower
victims and sexually assault them.
• Presently, the two most common date rape
drugs are gammahydroxybutyrate and
flunitrazepam.
• Also known as GHB – a clear liquid or
white powder often mixed with carbonated
alcohol
• GHB generates the feeling of euphoria or
intoxication and was sold in health food
stores as performance - enhancing
supplement for body builders.
• Banned by the FDA in1990
• Can cause memory loss
• Also called as “G”, “Georgia Home Boy”
• “liquid ecstacy”, “somatomax”, “scoop”, or
“grievous bodily harm”.
• GHB is a central nervous system sedative
often referred to by the names such as
“Grievous Bodily Harm” and ‘’Liquid
Ecstacy”
• It can produce drowsiness, dizziness,
nausea, unconsciousness, seizures,
severe respiratory depression, and coma.
• Most GHB used today is a “homemade”
mix with various chemical ingredients,
including solvents.
• It is available both in liquid and powder
forms, usually odorless and tasteless.
Rohypnol (flunitrazepam)
• Flunitrazepam is a powerful sleeping pill
that is better knaown as Rohypnol
(pronounced row-HIP-nole)
• 10 times stronger than Valium
• SOMETIMES referred to as “roached out”
• Used for the treatment of insomia
• Often used with alcohol or other drugs
such as cocaine or heroin.
• Other street names: rophies, roofies, R2,
roche, roachies, la rocha, rope, rib, circles,
Mexican Valium, roach-2 and ropies
• The pills Have no color, smell or taste
once they dissolved in alcohol or liquid.
• Common users are teenagers and young
adults to create “dramatic” high, usually in
combination with alcohol.
• Low cost drug
 Effects of Rohypnol
• Person can do and say things she would
not normally want to.
• Victim’s don’t realize that they have been
poisoned and what is happening.
• Its effect is within 10-39 minutes
• A person may feel dizzy and disoriented.
• Confused and unable to make clear
decisions.
• She may appear to be drunk, have blood-
shot eyes and slurred speech.
• A feeling of too hot and too cold at the
same time or feel nauseated.
• Difficulty to speak and move, slowly loses
coordination and control of the body.
• Its effects peak is within two hours and
can last up to 8 hours when combined with
other drugs.
• It Leaves the victim with no memory of
what has happened.
• “blackouts” lasting eight to 24 hour.
• A person may become physically
dependent and experienced withdrawal
syndrome.
• Seizure can occur up to week after you
stop using Rohypnol.
 Why is Rohypnol called a “date
rape” drug?
• Because of its ability to make victims lose
self control and forget what happened
during significant periods of time.
• It is also called the “forget pill”, “trip-and –
fall”, and “mind-eraser.”
• Can be add to any drink even in water.
• Also called as predatory drug because
they are used to incapacitate individuals
for the purpose of committing a crime,
often sexual assault
• Alcohol is the most commonly associated
with sexual assault, but incidents involving
other drugs are on the rise.
• These drugs, also called “club drugs”
because of their popularity in dance clubs
and bars.
• With coerced sexual activity, victims of
drug facilitated assault cannot protect
themselves from HIV, other sexually
transmitted diseases, or unintended
pregnancy.
Treatment and Rehabilitation of
Drug Dependents
• Treatment – is the method that refers to all
methods and techniques utilized to help an
individual to overcome some deficit or
impairment.
• Rehabilitation – is the outcome of
treatment that refers to the reinstatement
of recovery of a previous level of
functioning-social, emotional, physical and
economic aspects of a drug dependent.
 Characteristics that Enhance
the Potential Success of
Treatment
• An individual who became dependent on a
drug following the teen years is more likely
to succeed in treatment.
• Individuals who have access to intact
family groups and the kinds of support
available from intact families are more
likely to succeed in treatment.
• A person who began taking the drug of
choice for recreational or experimental
reasons is less likely to succeed in
treatment than someone who is forced into
it.
SUBSTANCE ABUSE AND
VICE CONTROL
 Alcohol
• Is one of the oldest intoxicants known to
man.
• It brings devastation to life.
• In the Philippines, it has been observed
that most persons involved in cases of
physical assault are under the influence of
alcohol.
• Likewise, victims of assaults too are under
the influence of liquor.
• Alcohol also adversely influenced the rate
of road accidents.
• Drunk drivers cause majority of these
accidents
• Intoxicated driver causing an accident are
about 50 times more than a sober driver
 What is Alcohol?
• Is a colorless, tasteless clear liquid.
• It boils at 78.4 degrees Celsius.
• It has a peasant odor and gives a burning
sensation to the mouth, esophagus and
stomach.
• Like many drugs, alcohol is toxic.
• It can poison the human body if taken into
large amounts or in combination with other
drugs.
• Alcohol is a depressant not a stimulant.
• Kinds of Alcohol
• METHYL- a very poisonous and not put in
drinks but is use in some industries.
• ETHYL - is used in alcoholic drinks, which
are made by breweries.
• Fermentation occurs when germs called
yeast act on sugars in food to produce
alcohol and carbon dioxide.
The Common Alcoholic Drinkers
• Beers – contain 2 to 6 percent alcohol
• Wines – contain about 10 percent alcohol
• Ex.champagne
• Fortified Wines – liquors that contains 10
to 20 percent alcohol
• Spirits – liquors that contain 40 to 60
percent alcohol
• Ex: whiskey, brandy, rum and Gin
 Types of Drinkers
• Occasional Drinkers – drinks on special
occasions
• Uses alcohol as home remedy
• Takes only a few drinks per year.
• Frequent Drinker – drinks at parties and
social affairs.
• Alcohol intake maybe once a week.
• Occasional intake reaches three to four
times per week.
• Uses beverages to release inhibitions and
tensions.
• Regular Drinker – may drink daily or
consistently on weekends.
• Usually comes from cultural background
where wine and beer is used with meals to
enhance food flavor.
• Alcohol Drinkers – has lost control of his
use of alcohol.
• Alcohol is his first priority in life above
other interests.
 Motives for Drinking
• Traditional – social and religious functions
• Status – symbol of success and prestige
• Dietary – dining incomplete without wine,
integral part of today’s way of “gracious
living”.
• Social – release tensions and inhibitions
• Users tolerate and enjoys other company.
• Shortcut to Adulthood – user unsure of
maturity, drinks to prove himself.
• Ritual – foster group feeling, parties,
toasts made to brides, wishes for good
health.
• Path of Least Resistance – doesn’t want to
drink but doesn’t want to abstain to get
along with everyone.
EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL ON
THE DRINKER
• General Effect on the Body
• Alcohol is narcotic
• It has depressant effect on the system.
• 1. Euphoria – feeling of well being,
increase confidence, temporary relief from
fatigue, pain or depression.’
• 2. Muscular in Coordination - depression
of motor function
• Causes greater dulling of the brain that
controls inhibitions.
• Person may become hilarious, irritable
morose, or excitable without proper cause.
• He may suffer from slurred speech and
staggering gait.
• 3. Respiratory Paralysis –if more liquor is
consumed he may suffer from complete in
coordination of muscles, stertorous
breathing, sleep, coma, and death.
• Effects vary from person absorption,
tolerance, concentration of alcohol, and
number of hours of drinking.
 Other Effects includes:
• Fatal Dose – for an ordinary person is
about 200 to 500 ml. of absolute alcohol
for adults.
• About 50 ml. onward for children.

• Fatal Period – fatal effects may appear

within 10 to 24 hour.
• Some cases, may take place after a
number of days.
• Alcoholic Allergy – may cause them to be
mad and behave like maniacs.
 Effects on Brain and the CNS

• Nerves are like telephone wires coming

out of control system in the brain and
spinal cord.
• They send and receive messages.
• Alcohol slows down the work of the brain
cells
• It stops proper messages being sent to the
body.
• Alcohol stops people behaving correctly to
other people.
• They may do whatever is into their minds.
• They may say things that they do not
usually say.
• They may behave rudely to other people.
• An increase feeling of personal and social
power.
• Hangover may encountered after the pain
killing effects.
• Hangover is the word used to describe the
terrible pain and horrible effects after a
period of horrible drinking.
 Effects on the Stomach and
Intestines
• Damages the stomach and intestines and
makes them sore.
• Can cause burning sensation, nausea and
vomiting.
• Sometime bleeding.
 Effects on the Liver
• The liver does is to turn part of the alcohol
into fat.
• Some goes to the blood
• But lots builds up in the liver cells.
• After drinking six medium-sized glasses of
beer everyday, fat is formed in the liver
and the liver becomes larger.
• As it enlarges, it changes the way other
drugs and medicines works in the body.
• So it can be dangerous to take medicines
with alcohol.
 Effects on the Heart and
Muscles
• Heart and muscles becomes weaker and
less effective.
• It makes people tired and breathless.
 Effects on the Blood
• Activity of the liver trying to get rid of the
alcohol results in many changes to the
blood.
• Eg. Blood sugar is lowered and blood fats
are increased.
 Effects on the Kidneys
• Decreased the ability of the kidneys to get
rid of some waste products.
 Effects on Sexual Functions
• The ability to have satisfactory sexual
activity is decreased.
 Effects on General Health
• MALNUTRITION
• Illness occurs when people doesn’t have
enough food to eat or eats a wrong kind of
food.
• Decreases a person’s desire to eat
• Alcohol burns the stomach and bowel so
that food eaten is not enough well by the
body.
• Liver is damaged, some important
vitamins are not produced.
Effects of Alcohol Abuse on the
Community
• Home – heavy drinker steals money
• Causes fight in marriage and
unfaithfulness
• Sexual problems
• Maltreatment of children.
• Makes people lazy and may not go to
work.
• Friends – heavy drinker often fight with
friends.
• Work – he does not go to work.
• Sometimes works badly and hurts himself
or others.
• Play – bad effect on the sportsmen.
• Alcohol affects the brain
• He can’t control his arms and legs well
• Roads- driver lost judgment
• He is often careless and pose risk to
others.
• Crime – alcohol can cause crime
• Often aggressive, fight and steal.
• Economy and Nation – economy is badly
affected when people do not go to work.
• Alcoholism is a burden to the government.
 Alcohol Dependency
• Created major social, economic and health
problem nationwide – an ironic
consequence on effective government
controls.
• Filipinos have developed alcohol
dependence or abuse, a pattern of
continuous drinking that may lead to
addiction and almost always causes
severe problems.
• Alcohol Abuse or Dependence is
commonly referred to as Alcoholism.
• Also called problem drinking.
• The stage when a person has the difficulty
of quitting from the habit of alcohol
drinking.
• It means he ca not live without it.
• If he tries to stop drinking, he will have the
shiver and shakes and feels very bad
symptoms.
• He may experience acute anxiety or fear,
delirium and hallucinations.
 Legal Control
• Alternative Circumstances – are those
which must be taken into consideration as
aggravating or mitigating circumstances
according to the nature and effects of the
crime and the other conditions attending
its commission.
• If the offender is committed the felony
under the intoxication of liquor, it is
considered as aggravating circumstance.
 Liquor as a Volatile Substance
• Under PD 1619, sale and offer sell to
minors of liquors or beverages is
punishable by 6 months and one day to 4
years imprisonment and a fine of 600
pesos to 4,000 pesos.
 Social Control
• Means like education and awareness,
community activities, and individual or
group therapies.

• ALCOHOLIC ANONYMOUS or Double A.

– a numerous programs for alcoholics
• It is a practical approach to the problem of
alcoholism which has met a considerable
success.
• It operates in a non professional-
counseling program in which both person-
to-person and group relationships are
emphasized.
 Medical Control
• Alcoholism can be treated through
biological measures through brain surgery.
• It is called detoxification.
• DETOXIFICATION – is the elimination of
alcoholic substances from the individual’s
body.
• Can be handled in a hospital or clinic.
• It uses drugs such as
CHLORDIAZEPOXIDE and DISULFIRAM.
EVIDENCE OF INTOXICATION
• Must be established in death cases such
as motor accidents.
• Evidence of intoxication requires the
collection of blood samples, urine, saliva
or breath and other bodily fluids.
 Examination for Intoxication
• Intoxication is defined through various
means like physical test, alcohol analysis,
and medical examination.
• It also includes; smell of breath, state of
clothing, general demeanor, speech, eyes,
walk, memory, breathing, and tremors of
the extremities.
TOBACCO SMOKING
 TOBACCO (Smoking Vice)
• Tobacco plant, scientifically known as
NICOTIANA TABACUM – a plant grown
for its leaves, which are smoked, chewed,
or sniffed for variety of effects.
• It is considered addictive because it
contain addictive chemical NICOTINE.
• Sniffing and chewing originated in North
America and Europe.
• Christopher Columbus –introduced
tobacco in Europe.
• It became popular with Portuguese,
Spanish, French, British, and
Scandinavians.
Tobacco Smoking
• Is one of the foremost public health
problems in the world today.
• For centuries is been used all over the
world as a way of increasing the
enjoyment of life and an aid in coping with
some problems.
• W.H.O estimates that around the world
one person dies every 13 seconds from
tobacco-related diseases.
• Doctor’s cite 50,000 scientific studies from
various independent bodies.
• Smoking is responsible for around 90% of
cases of lung cancer.
• 95% of all cases of chronic bronchitis and
emphysema.
• 25% of heart conditions in men under 65
years of age.
• WHO Advisory Panel on Smoking
estimates at least 2 million of 30 million
Filipinos under 20 years old today will
eventually be killed by smoking.
• Smoking threatens not only adults but also
children-born and unborn.
• The Philippine Obstetrical and
Gynecological Society notes that
premature in infants of mothers who
smoke is 3 times more common than in
mothers.
• Smoking habit begins in early teen years
or earlier.
 Tobacco Chemicals
• Nicotine – the most important active
ingredient in controlled doses.
• An extremely toxic substance.
• A typical cigarette contains 1-2 mg of
nicotine.
• Less than 1 mg of nicotine is filtered when
smoked depending on characteristics of
the filter, depth and frequency of inhalation
and length of butt.
• Carbon Monoxide – a poisonous gas that
impairs the capacity of the blood to supply
adequate amounts of oxygen to the vital
organs of the body.
• Responsible for the shortness of breath
among smokers.
• Tar – a brownish vicious substance known
to be the cancer causing component of
tobacco smoking.
• Also stains the fingers, teeth, and tongue
of the smoker.
• Can lead to lung cancer, emphysema, and
chronic bronchitis.
 Effects of Tobacco Smoking
• Produces ill health and human suffering.
• Impairs society’s total well-being
• Posses substantial economic loss to the
nation.
 Effects on the Cardiovascular
System
• Increases heart attack risk.
• Increases heart rate 15-25 beats with one
to two cigarette.
• Constricts small arteries causing higher
blood pressure.
• Increases chance of developing peripheral
vascular diseases.
• Causes carbon monoxide from smoke.
• Rob oxygen carrying potential of blood
• Causes increase of free fatty acids in
blood which relate to heart attack.
 Effects on the Respiratory
System
• Increases risks of developing lung cancer.
• Increases lung cancer risk with a length of
time starting in early age.
• Can cause chronic bronchitis
• Increases risk of dying of chronic
bronchitis and emphysema about six fold.
• Tends to paralyze bronchial cilia and
stimulate production of mucus.
• Destroys ciliary structure cleansing system
predisposing to respiratory infections.
• Increases abnormal cell growth in
bronchial tube walls.
• Increase in basal cell layers and
thickening.
• Causes closing of the bronchi reducing
effective breathing space.
 Effects on the Reproductive
System
• In pregnant woman, increase the risk of
still birth and prenatal mortality.
• Child’s physical and intellectual is delayed.
• In woman who smoked, causes
menopause in early age than in normal.
• In male, penile arteries becomes
constricted bringing slower erection time.
• Impotence.
• In smoking father, may beget children to
suffer brain tumor, leukemia and
abnormalities due to increase number of
spermatozoa.
 Effects to Mortality and
Morbidity
• Increase cancer of the larynx, the mouth,
bladder and the esophagus.
• Increase ulcer deaths, death from
cirrhosis.
• Increase kidney problems.
• Greater incident of infant-pre-maturity and
mortality.
• Life expectancy is expected to reduce by
about 14 minutes per cigarette smoked.
 Signs and Symptoms of
Nicotine Withdrawal
• Begin in 4 hours once decided to quit
smoking or after the last cigarette .
• Generally peak in intensity at three to five
days and disappear within two weeks.
• Symptoms are headache, anxiety,
irritability, tremors, poor concentration and
hunger pains.
• Includes insomnia and depression,
sweating, constipation and diarrhea.
 Benefits of Quitting Tobacco
Smoking
• Within 20 minutes, blood pressure and
pulse rate drop to NORMAL.
• The body temperature of the hands and
feet returns to normal.
• Within 8 hours, carbon monoxide level in
the blood drops to normal and oxygen
level in the blood increases to normal.
• Within 24 hours, the risk of sudden heart
attack decreases.
• Within 48 hours, the nerve ending begin to
regenerate and person’s ability to smell
and taste begin to return to normal.
• Within 2 to 3 week, blood circulation
improves the lung function increases to 30
percent.
• Within 1 to 9 months, over all energy
increases – signs and symptoms of
coughing, nasal congestion, fatigue and
shortness of breath are markedly reduced.
• Natural cleansing mechanism of the
respiratory tract returns to normal and
prevent respiratory infections.
• Within 1 year, risk of coronary heart
disease is reduced by 50 percent.
• Within 5 years, the risk of dying from lung
cancer is reduced by 50 percent.
• Within 10 years, risk of dying from lung
cancer, stroke and heart attack is same as
that of a non-smoker.
 Measures to Reduce Smoking
• Prohibition of sales in minor
• Prohibition of smoking in schools
• Restriction on advertising and promotion
of tobacco products especially those
aimed at young people.
• Health education at both primary and
secondary levels of schools
• Use of fiscal policies to increase the price
of tobacco products.
• Health warnings on cigarette packets
• Collaboration with the media to
deglamorize the image of the smoker.
 Tips to Stop Tobacco Smoking
• 1.Get ready to break
• 2. Prepare Physically
• 3. Prepare Mentally
• 4. Prepare Socially
• 5. Prepare Spiritually
• 6. Keep A Record
• 7. Set the Break Free Date
• 8. Prepare for a Slip or Relapse
• 9. Plan for the Big Victory
• 10. Ensure Long Term Success
The Gambling as Vice
 What is Gambling?
• - is defined as wagering on games or
events in which chance largely determines
the outcome.
• It is a vice that is difficult to control.
• A behavioral pattern known as
pathological or compulsive behavior which
does not involve chemically addictive
substance.
• Considered as addictive behavior because
of the personality attributes that
characterized the individual.
 Behind this Vice
• Pathological gamblers continue to play
vividly despite the awareness that the
odds against.
• They neglect their families, default on bills,
borrow money from friends and even loan.
• It may result to embezzlement, corruption
and other illegal means of obtaining
money.
 Reasons for Controlling
Gambling
• It is a crime against public moral.
• It promotes broken family and bad
neighborhood.
• Causes poverty, dishonesty, fraud, and
deceit to man.
• Strengthens organized crimes
• Prevent, reduce or control crimes
connected with it.
 Legal Controls
• RPC of the Philippines punishes gambling.
• Art. 195 penalize any person who, in any
manner shall directly or indirectly take part
of any game or scheme, the result of
which depend wholly or chiefly upon
chance with money or articles or monetary
value at stake.
• Likewise, the law also punish any person
who knowingly permitting any form of
gambling to be carried out in any place,
building or vessel or other means of
transportation owned and controlled by the
accused.
• It punishes maintainers, conductors, or
bankers in the game of jueteng or any
similar games.