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Lect2 Planning

The document outlines the key components of project selection, management, and planning within the context of system analysis and design. It emphasizes the importance of selecting appropriate methodologies, developing work plans, staffing, and coordinating activities to ensure project success. Additionally, it highlights the need for project managers to balance size, time, and cost while utilizing tools like Gantt and PERT charts for effective management.

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humsad096
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13 views

Lect2 Planning

The document outlines the key components of project selection, management, and planning within the context of system analysis and design. It emphasizes the importance of selecting appropriate methodologies, developing work plans, staffing, and coordinating activities to ensure project success. Additionally, it highlights the need for project managers to balance size, time, and cost while utilizing tools like Gantt and PERT charts for effective management.

Uploaded by

humsad096
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SWE2315 : SYSTEM

ANALYSIS & DESIGN


Lecture 02: Planning
At: CIT Theater
By: 2-4pm
02/18/2025 System Analysis & Design 2

Outline
• Project selection.
• Project Management
• Planning Tools
02/18/2025 System Analysis & Design 3

Recap: Project Planning

Project Initiation

Project Management
02/18/2025 System Analysis & Design 4

Recap: Project Initiation

Identification is Done by Project


Sponsor

System Request is then written


after identification

Feasibility is conducted on the


System Request
02/18/2025 System Analysis & Design 5

Project Management

Create the Project Plan


1. Project Methodology (Selection
and time frame estimate.
2. Develop the Work Plan
3. Staffing
a. Staff Plan(Motivation and
Handling Conflicts)
Project Selection b. Coordinating Project
Activities(Case Tools, Standards,
and Documents)
4. Managing and Controlling the
Project
a. Refine Estimates
b. Manage Scope
c. Timeboxing
d. Manage Risk
02/18/2025 System Analysis & Design 6

Project Selection
• CIOs (chief information officers) are challenged to select
projects that will provide highest return on the IT
investments.

• A selected system development project must undergo a


thorough process of project management (such as
planning, execution, control, closure).

• An approval committee must be selective about where to


allocate resources as most organizations have limited
funds.
02/18/2025 System Analysis & Design 7

Project Selection
• If there are several potentially high-payoff projects, and they
all have the same risk, then maybe only one of the projects
will be selected.

• Once a project is launched by being selected by the


approval committee, it is time to carefully plan the project.

• The project manager will follow a set of project


management guidelines to organize, guides, and directs the
project from inception to completion.
02/18/2025 System Analysis & Design 8

Creating the Work Plan


• This involves four (4) major activities:
• Selecting the appropriate development methodology (SDLC).
• Developing the Work Plan
• Staffing the Project
• Coordinating project activities
02/18/2025 System Analysis & Design 9

1. Selecting SDLC
• There are a number of different project methodologies that
can be used to structure and guide systems development
projects.

• Several of the key methodologies are waterfall


development, parallel, V-model, rapid application
development; including iterative development, system
prototyping, and throwaway prototyping; and agile
development
02/18/2025 System Analysis & Design 10

Selecting SDLC
• The project manager evaluates characteristics of
the project, including factors such as :
• clarity of user requirements,
• familiarity with technology,
• complexity,
• reliability,
• time frame, and schedule visibility, to select the
most appropriate methodology to use for the
project.
02/18/2025 System Analysis & Design 11

Waterfall & Parallel Development


02/18/2025 System Analysis & Design 12

V Model & Prototyping Development


02/18/2025 System Analysis & Design 13

Selecting Criteria SDLC


02/18/2025 System Analysis & Design 14

Estimating Time Frame


• The project manager estimates the time frame for the
project.
• Estimation is the process of assigning projected values for time and
effort.
• Estimation can be performed manually or with the help of an
estimation software.

• Past experience and industry standards provide help in this


task.
02/18/2025 System Analysis & Design 15

2. Develop work plan


• The project methodology provides lists of tasks and
deliverables for projects, which the project manager
modifies, depending on the needs of the specific project.

• To create a work plan, the project manager:


• Identify/refines the tasks
• Breakdown the tasks into a work breakdown structure,
• Estimates task time
• Add other information if needed.
02/18/2025 System Analysis & Design 16

Identify Task
02/18/2025 System Analysis & Design 17

Work Breakdown Structure


02/18/2025 System Analysis & Design 18

The Project Work Plan


02/18/2025 System Analysis & Design 19

3. Staffing
• Staffing involves determining:
• how many people should be assigned to the project,

• assigning project roles to team members,

• developing a reporting structure for the team,

• and matching people’s skills with the needs of the project.


02/18/2025 System Analysis & Design 20

Staff plan: Motivation and Handling


Conflicts
• Staffing also includes:
• motivating the team to meet the project’s objectives using monetary
rewards cautiously or Use intrinsic rewards such as
• –Recognition
• –Achievement
• –The work itself
• –Responsibility
• –Advancement
• –Chance to learn new skills

• minimizing conflict among team members thorough Project charter


listing norms and ground rules.
02/18/2025 System Analysis & Design 21

Coordinating Project Activities


• Coordinating project activities includes putting efficient
development practices in place and mitigating risk, and
these activities occur over the course of the entire SDLC.

• Three techniques are available to help coordinate activities


on a project:
• computer-aided software engineering (CASE),
• standards,
• documentation.
02/18/2025 System Analysis & Design 22

CASE, Standards, Documents


• CASE (computer-aided software engineering) tools –A
category of software that automate all or part of the
development process.

• Standards
• –Formal rules for naming files
• –Forms indicating goals reached
• –Programming guidelines

• Documentation
• –Project binder
• –Table of contents
• –Continual updating
02/18/2025 System Analysis & Design 23

4. Managing and Controlling Projects


• The science (or art) of project management is in making
trade-offs among three important concepts:
• -the size of the system,
• -the time to complete the project, and
• -the cost of the project.

• Think of these three things as interdependent levers that the


project manager controls throughout the SDLC.
02/18/2025 System Analysis & Design 24

Managing and Controlling Projects


• Whenever one lever is pulled, the other two levers are
affected in some way.
• For example, if a project manager needs to readjust a deadline to an
earlier date, then the only solution is to decrease the size of the
system (by eliminating some of its functions) or to increase costs by
adding more people or having team members work overtime.

• Often, a project manager will have to work with the project


sponsor to change the goals of the project, such as
developing a system with less functionality or extending the
deadline for the final system, so that the project has
reasonable goals that can be met.
02/18/2025 System Analysis & Design 25

Project Planning Tools


• Project managers utilize several tools to help manage
projects.

• The project work plan is a critical element of managing


projects.

• Two graphical tools are widely used :


• Gantt chart and
• PERT
02/18/2025 System Analysis & Design 26

Gantt Chart
02/18/2025 System Analysis & Design 27

PERT Chart
02/18/2025 System Analysis & Design 28

Summary
• The project selection process takes into account all of the
projects in the organization, using project portfolio
management.

• The project plan defines the tasks, task time estimates, and
other information.

• A project requires staffing and coordinating project


activities.
02/18/2025 System Analysis & Design 29

Questions !!!

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