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The document discusses the concept of membrane potential, focusing on resting membrane potential (RMP) and its physiological aspects. It explains the factors influencing RMP, including selective permeability of the membrane, Gibbs-Donnan equilibrium, Nernst equation, and Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation. The document also highlights the roles of potassium and sodium ions in establishing and maintaining RMP.

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7 views

Untitled Presentation

The document discusses the concept of membrane potential, focusing on resting membrane potential (RMP) and its physiological aspects. It explains the factors influencing RMP, including selective permeability of the membrane, Gibbs-Donnan equilibrium, Nernst equation, and Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation. The document also highlights the roles of potassium and sodium ions in establishing and maintaining RMP.

Uploaded by

vk08853462046
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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MEMBRANE

POTENTIAL

AKHIL BHARAT MUNDOTIYA


ROLL NO.- 8
Learning objectives
✧ 1. concept of resting membrane potential
✧ 2. Gibbs-Donnan membrane equilibrium
✧ 3. mechanism of genesis and maintenance of RMP
✧ 4. nernst equation
✧ 5. Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation
What is membrane potential?

☛ An electrical potential diffrence exists across the membrane of all living cells with
the inside being negative in relation to outside.this potential diffrence is called
membrane potential.
☛ RMP is different
At resting stateinofdifferent tissue
the cell ,the membrane potential is called resting membrane
potential.
Concept and physiological
aspects

membrane potential is mainly due to distribution of ions across membrane which


results mainly from the selective permeability of cell membrane to various ions
at rest.
this is influenced by various forces acting on the ions distribution.

1. SELECTIVE PERMEABILITY OF MEMBRANE TO VARIOUS


IONS
2. GIBBS-DONNAN EQUILIBRIUM
3. NERNST EQUATION
4. GOLDMAN-HODGKIN-KATZ
SELECTIVE PERMEABILITY OF MEMBRANE

• Some ions are highly permeable, some are less permeable and
others are impermeable.
• The permeability mainly depends on :
1. Molecular weight
2. radius of ions in there hydrated form
permeability of K+ is 500 to 1000 times greater than that of Na+ because
hydrated radius of Na+ is greater than that of K+.
GIBBS-DONNAN MEMBRANE EQUILIBRIUM

• when two solutions containing ions are separated by a semi permeable


membrane, at equilibrium each solution will be electrically nutral.
• That means

(cations)a = (cations)b = (anions)b


• (anions)a
product of diffusable ions on one side of the membrane will be equal
product of diffusable ions on the other side.
thus there will be equal and balanced distribution of ions at
equilibrium.
• when a non diffusable ion X is added on one side then as per gibbs
donan equilibrium principle the distribution of diffusable ions will
change to maintain electroneutrality of both sides.

• consequently there is unequal distribution of diffusible ions on


both sides.therefore at equilibrium Na+ is more on the sides
which contains non diffusable anions.
however there concentration ratios are equal.
NERNST EQUATION

• asymmetrical distribution of diffusable ions occurs across the cell


membrane with more cations (K+) present inside.
• therefore K+ will try to diffuse into the ECF from ICF which is
opposed by electrical gradient created by presence of non diffusable
anions inside the cell.
• thus finally equilibrium is reached between the concentration
gradient and electrical gradient results in DIFFUSION POTENTIAL
(equilibrium potential)
GOLDMAN-HODGKIN-KATZ EQUATION

☛ importance of Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation

• The voltage of membrane potential is determined by the


concentration gradient of ech ions.
• The relativity of importance of each ion in determination of the
voltage depends upon the membrane permeability of individual
ion.
• due to concentration gradient cations diffuse to outside of the cell
leaving the non diffusable anions inside the cell.
GENESIS OF RMP
☛ The RMP is created due to following factors.
1. Permeability of the membrane to K+ : K+ diffuse out of the
cell.At rest permeability of the membrane to K+ is higher than
any other ion.Therefore K+ easily diffuses out of the cell,
although this is opposed by electrical gradient. It causes
negativity inside the cell.
2. Permeability of the membrane to Na + : At rest ECF Na+ is more
than the ICF Na+,which causes Na+ diffusion inside the cell.
However at restmembrane is less permeable to Na + than to
K+ .Therefore K+ exit is not balanced by Na+ entry.Hence interior
of the cell remains relatively negative.
3. Permeability to anions
4. Role of sodium potassium pump : It maintains RMP rather than to
generate it.However sodium potassium pump also contributes to
the genesis of RMP ,as it is an electrolytic pump.
2 K+ 3 Na+
Thank You

<#>

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