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Class -10 Circle (8)

The document discusses the concept of circles, including their definition, properties, and the relationship between circles and lines, specifically tangents and secants. It outlines theorems related to tangents, such as their perpendicularity to the radius and the equality of tangent lengths from an external point. Additionally, it provides real-life applications of circles and includes exercises and assignments for further understanding.

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2 views

Class -10 Circle (8)

The document discusses the concept of circles, including their definition, properties, and the relationship between circles and lines, specifically tangents and secants. It outlines theorems related to tangents, such as their perpendicularity to the radius and the equality of tangent lengths from an external point. Additionally, it provides real-life applications of circles and includes exercises and assignments for further understanding.

Uploaded by

hhaokip471
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER -

8 :CIRCLE
• THALES , A GREEK
M AT H E M AT I C I A N D I S C O V E R E D
C I RC L E IN - 6 50 BC .
• T H E W O R D “ TA N G E N T “ C O M E S
F R O M T H E L AT I N W O R D
“ TA N G E R E ” W H I C H M E A N S T O
T O U C H A N D WA S I N T R O D U C E D BY
T H E D A N I S H M AT H E M AT I C I A N
THOMAS FINEKE IN 1583.
DEFINITION OF CIRCLE:
 A collection of points in a plane
which are at a constant distance
(radius) from a fixed point(centre).
(NCERT)
 A circle is a closed figure consisting
of all those points which are at a
constant distance (radius) from a
fixed point (centre)in the plane.
(BOSEM)
THREE POSSIBILITIES BETWEEN A CIRCLE AND A LINE AS GIVEN BELOW :

P Q
P
l

(i) (ii) (iii)


ANALYSIS :
 The circle and the line have no common point ,i.e., the line does not
intersect the circle.

P
 The circle and the line have two common point i.e., the line intersect the
circle at two distinct point in this case, the line is called a secant of the
circle.

 P Q
 The circle intersect the circle at only one point i.e., there is only one point
common to the circle and the line. In this case the line is called a tangent to
the circle. P

P
TANGENT TO A CIRCLE:
A tangent to a circle is a line which
intersect the circle at only one point.

Q Q

B
o
.
P

P A
1.The common point of the
tangent and the circle is
called the point of contact 3.Tangent to a circle is a special case
2.Tangent is said to touch of secant ,when the two endpoints of
the circle at the point of its corresponding chord coincide.
contact
TANGENT TO A CIRCLE THROUGH A POINT : THREE CASES

Case I: There is no tangent to a circle passing through a P


point inside the circle. Fig.it is not possible to draw any
tangent to the circle through P.

Case II: There is one and only one tangent to a circle


P
passing through a point lying on the circle. So, we can
draw one and only one tangent to the circle through P.

A
Case III: There are exactly two tangents
to a circle through a point lying outside
the circle.
If A and B are the points of contact of P
the tangents from P, then PA and PB are called
the tangent segments drawn from P to the B
circle.
THEOREM 8.1: THE TANGENT AT ANY POINT OF A CIRCLE IS PERPENDICULAR TO THE RADIUS
THROUGH THE POINT OF CONTACT.

Given : A tangent AB to a circle whose centre is O , the point of contact


being P.
To Prove : OP .
Construction : Let us take a point Q on AB
other than P and join OQ.
Proof : Since all points on the tangent other than the point of contact are
outside the circle, Q lies outside the circle.

A P Q B
Therefore , OQ> OP
Since this is true for every on the tangent except the point P , OP is the shortest of all
line segment that can be drawn from the centre O to the point s of the tangent AB.
We also know that shortest segment that can b e drawn from a point to a line is
perpendicular segment from the point to the line.
Hence , OP ⊥ AB.
THEOREM 8.2: THE LENGTHS OF TANGENTS DRAWN FROM AN EXTERNAL POINT
OT A CIRCLE ARE EQUAL.

Given : tangent segment PA and PB drawn to a circle with centre O


from an external point P.
To Prove : PA=PB.
Construction : Join OP,OA and OB. A
Proof: In the ∆’s OPA and OPB , we have
OAP = O
OBP = 9( by Theorem 8.1) P
OA=OA ( radii of the same circle)
And , OP=OP (common) B
Therefore , OPA OPB (RHS Congruence)
Hence , PA=PB (corresponding sides)
CLASS ACTIVITY
1. The length of a tangent to a circle from a point P which is at a
distance of 10cm from the centre of the circle is 8cm.Find the
radius of the circle.
2. PA and PB are tangent segments drawn from an external point P to
a circle with centre O. If angle AOB= 120 degree, find angle APB.

Using Pythagoras Theorem Prove theorem 8.2.


ASSIGNMENT
No. 1.A point P is at a distance of 13cm fro the centre O of a
circle .If the radius of the circle is 5cm , find the length of
tangent from P to the circle
“Nothing is more active than
thought , for it travels over the
universe , and nothing is stronger
than necessity for all must
submit it ”
-Thales
APPLICATION OF CIRCLE IN REAL LIFE
1.Pulley fitted over a wheel
2.Bicycle or a cart
3.Camera lenses
4.Pizza
5.Rings
6.Steering wheels
7.Cakes
8.Pie
9.Shirt Buttons
Etc……are some real life examples of circles.
REVIEW :
1.A tangent to a circle intersect it in _______point.
2.A line intersecting circle in two pint is called a ____________.
3.A circle can have ________parallel tangent at the most.
4.The common point of a tangent to a circle is
called________________.
5.Atangent PQ at a point P of a circle of radius 5cm meets a
line through the centre 0 at a point Q so that
OQ=12CM.Length PQ is…….
a)12cm b) 13cm c)8.5cm
d)23cm 5cm
3cm
6.HOTS:- 0

A B
P

AP=?
A) 4cm B) 8cm C) 12cm D)
5cm
THANK YOU CLASS
STAY SAFE, STAY
HEALTHY , WORK HARD
UPON YOUR STUDY.
Sir Lalboi
Mind mapping

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