Questions :

• Give five characteristics of animal !

• Animals are classified into to mains groups. What are they?
• Mention phylum of animal that include invertebrate !
• What is meant radial symmetry ?
• What is meant bilateral symmetry ?
• What are the three layers of developmental tissue ?
Characteristics of Animals
• Heterotroph
• Move/ motile
• Multicellular
• Eukaryotic
• Digest their food
• Doesn’t have cell walls
Animal Classification
• Avertebrate
• Vertebrate
AVERTEBRATE
• Phylum Porifera ( Sponges )
• Phylum Coelenterata ( Cnidaria )
• Phylum Platyhelminthes ( The Flatworms)
• Phylum Nematoda
• Phylum Annelida
• Phylum Mollusca
• Phylum Echinodermata
• Phylum Arthropoda
Body Symmetry

Bilateral symmetry Asymmetry

Radial symmetry

Identify the symmetry of different organisms !

Areas on bilaterally symmetrical
organisms
• Anterior
• Posterior
• Dorsal
• Ventral

Identify the areas of anatomy on a bilaterally symmetrical

organism!
Embryo layers development

What are the three layers of developmental tissue?

Body Cavities
• Acoeloem
• Pseudocoeloem
• Coeloem
What are the three types of body
cavities and what does that mean?
Phylum Porifera
What phylum are sponges?

Characteristics of Porifera :
• Aquatic filter feeders
• Diploblastic ( consist two layers )
• Lives in aquatic environments,mostly marine
• Most are asymmetrical
• Adult form is sessile (doesn’t move)
• Have no tissues, organs, or organ systems or
nervous system
• Body multicelluler, there is no true body
cavity
• Often have a skeleton of spicules
• Reproduction : asexual (budding), sexual
(fertilization)
Basic Body Plan
 CLASSIFICATION OF PORIFERA

1. Calcarea 2. Hexatinellida 3.Demospongiae

 Spicula : lime (CaCO3) Spicula :kersik(H2SiO3) Spikula :spons
 Body shape : Sycon  Body shape :Ascon Body shape : Rhagon
 Habitat : shallow  Habitat : sea Habitat : fresh-water
beach Example : Spongilla and
 Example : Pheronema
 Example :Scypha sp sp Euspongia sp)
Phylum
Cnidaria
Characteristics of
Cnidaria
• Radial symmetry, Eukaryotic, multicelluler
• All have stinging cells ( nematokist )
• Diploblastic /have two cell layers
•Endoderm
•Ectoderm
• Have a body cavity/ gastrovascular
• Have tentacles surround mouth
• Aquatic
 Two body plans
• Polyp is the sessile stage
(doesn’t move)
• Medusa
• Many cnidarians have both
stages
• Reproduction
• Asexual – Polyps reproduce
asexually by budding
Medusa can produce sexually
and asexually
• Sexually
• Egg and sperm
• Larvae stage
• Polyp stage
• Medusa

This group includes hydra, jellyfish, obelia, man of war, and coral
Reproduction
• Asexual
• Budding, fragmentation and
regeneration
• Sexual
• Hermaphrodites
• Have both male and
female parts
• Fertilization takes place in
water
• Larvae swims to area to
start new sponge

Hydra Budding
 CLASSIFICATION OF CNIDARIA

Hydrozoa Scyphozoa Anthozoa

1. HYDROZOA Obelia

 Bentuk soliter (polip) dan

koloni (polip dan medusa)
 Habitat: air tawar dan air laut
a. Hydra (air tawar)
b. Obelia (air laut)
 Reproduksi :
a. vegetatif : dengan tunas Physalia
b. generatif : pembuahan/fer-
tilisasi.
2. SCYPHOZOA

The body shape like cup (skypho), transparan.

Habitat : sea
Adult have the shape of medusa and larva have the
shape of polip.
Example : Aurelia sp. (ubur-ubur kuping) that have life
cycle :
Planula  Skifistoma  Efira.
Polip reproduction by strobilasi ( budding) and medusa
with sexual reproduction.
Life cycle of Aurelia sp (Ubur-ubur)
 3. ANTHOZOA
 Have the shape of flower (anthos) and polip
 Have no medusa form
 Have no stalk and dan eksternal skeleton
(karang) that have colony form coral reef ( terumbu karang.)
 many tentakel form surround mouth.
Phylum Platyhelminthes
( flat worm)
Characteristics :

Triploblastic
Acoelomata (have no body cavity)
Bilateral symmetry and have no segment.
Haven’t circulation system
 Gastrovasculer
 Parasit, except Planaria
Excretion organ by flame cell
Hermaprodit.
Phylum Platyhelminthes (Flat
worms)

Planaria Taenia sp Fasciola hepatica

 Platyhelminthes consist
of 3 class:
No Characteristic Class Class Clas
Turbellaria Trematoda Cestoda
1. The body 0,5 – 2,5 cm 2 -5 cm/ Untill 3 m
length
2. The body ____ ____ Have segmen
Segmentation (proglotid)

3. Cilia & Have cilia _____ _____

Suck organ ____ 2 4

4. The way of life Non parasit Parasit Parasit

5. Example Planaria Proglotid

berembrio
1. KELAS TURBELLARIA
 Planaria

• Free living
• Hermaphrodites
• Can reproduce
asexually by dividing
and regeneration
2. Class
Cestoda (Tape
Worms)
• Parasitic
• Hermaphrodites
3. Class Trematoda
Characteristics :
• bilateral symmetry
• soft flattened body
• 3 tissue layers
• Incomplete digestive
system
• definite organs
• nervous tissue
• many are parasites but
some are free living
Phylum Nematoda
Round worms
Phylum nematoda
• Characteristic
• Complete digestive
system
• 3 tissue layers
• organs present
Types of Roundworms
• Ascaris – round and pin worms
common human parasites
• Trichinella
• Hook worms
• Heart worms
• Filarial worms
• Many in Large intestine
• 64% of worlds population
• 30% of children in US
• 16% of the adults in the US
Phylum Annelida
• Characteristics
• Have body cavities with organs
• Bilateral symmetry
• Closed circulatory system
• Complete digestive system
• True coelom
• Respire through the skin
• Each segment has bristle like structure called setae for
movement

• Most are hermaphrodites

General structure of the earth worm

• Systems
• Digestive
• Mouth, crop, gizzard, intestines, anus
• Circulatory system of two main vessels,
5 aortic arches that pump blood
• Nervous system that responds to the
environment
• Respiratory system that exchanges
oxygen and carbon dioxide through the
skin
• Reproductive system (hermaphrodite)
Leeches

• Don’t have setae

• Feed blood from other organisms
Saliva contains anti clotting chemical

• Marine worms - polychaetes

Mollusks, Arthropods &
Echinoderms
 Phylum Molusca
• comes from the Latin word soft bodied
 Characteristics of Mollusks
• Soft Bodied
• Bilateral symmetry
• True coelom
• Nervous system
• Mantle - thin layer of tissue that secretes a
shell
• Gills - water to organism CO2, O2 exchangers
• Visceral mass – contains body organs
• Muscular foot - means of movement
• Open Circulatory system
• Classified by movement (Kind of foot) or
shell
Classes of mollusks
 1. Gastropods
• Gastro means stomach and pod
means foot
• Includes snails, slugs, abalones,
whelks, conches, sea slugs
• All have single shells and or move
on stomach by mucus
• All have a radula for scraping
algae and other food
2. Bivalves/
Pelecypoda
• Means two shells
• Includes clams, oysters,
scallops and
• Mussels
• Filter feeders
• Two part shell
• Move by opening and
closing shell
3. Cephalopods
• Means head foot
• Well developed head
• Foot divided into tentacles with suckers,
well developed nervous system
• Large eyes
• Closed circulatory system
• Move by jet propulsion by forcing water
out their siphon tube
Mollusks value

• Provide food for

humans and other
organisms
Provide pearls
Harmful - can damage
crops and host human
parasites
Phylum Arthropods
• Phylum arthropoda
• Name means jointed
foot
• Largest phylum
 Arthropods
Characteristics
• Have segmented bodies
• True coelom
• Open circulatory system
• Have appendages
• Have body cavity and an open circulatory system
• Complete digestive system
• Nervous system with brain
• Exoskeletons made from chitin
• Organism molts exoskeleton when it grows
1. Class insecta
Insect Body
Plan
• Head
• Antennae
• Eyes
• Mouth
• Thorax
• Three pairs of jointed legs
• 1 or 2 pair of wings
• Abdomen
• Segmented with spiracles for
breathing
• Reproductive structures
• Reproduction - separate sexes
and female lays eggs
Insect Metamorphosis
• Changes that a species goes
through becoming an adult
• Complete
• Egg
• Larvae
• Pupa
• Adult
• Incomplete
• Egg
• Nymph
• Adult
2. Class Arachnid
3. Myriapoda ( centipede and
millipedes
• Centipedes are predacious
• Millipedes are herbivorous
• Centipedes have 1 pair of
legs /segment
Millipedes have 2 pair of
legs /segment

millipedes
4. Class Crustaceans
 Characteristics of Crustacea
• Jaws called mandibles – crush food
• 1 and 2 antennae
• Have 1,2 or 3 body segments
• 5 pairs of legs
• The first pair of many have claws to catch and hold food
• 2cnd pair – 5th used for moving
• Some have five pair of appendages on abdomen
called swimmeret’s
• For movement, reproduction and water over gills
• Can regenerate appendages
Examples include lobster, crab crayfish, shrimp, and
pill bugs
Phylum Echinodermata
• Spiny skinned animals
• Characteristics
• Marine bottom dwellers
• Internal skeleton of Calcium Carbonate
plates covered by a spiny skin
• Have a water vascular system
• Tube feet
• Ring canal
• Do not have a complete digestive system
• Sea stars – 5 or more arms around a central point
• Brittle stars - move more quickly and break off parts as defense
• Sea Urchins and sand dollars
• Sea cucumbers
Echinoderm classification

Asteroidea
Ophiuroidea Echinoidea

Holothuroidea