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INTRODUCTION

This document provides an introduction to computer networks, defining them as interconnected computers or devices that facilitate communication and data sharing. It outlines the advantages of networks, elements of communication, various types of networks (LAN, WAN, etc.), and transmission media, including guided (wires, cables) and unguided (wireless) methods. Additionally, it discusses the components of fiber optic cables and the construction of different cable types.

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Ahmed Al-aini
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© © All Rights Reserved
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4 views

INTRODUCTION

This document provides an introduction to computer networks, defining them as interconnected computers or devices that facilitate communication and data sharing. It outlines the advantages of networks, elements of communication, various types of networks (LAN, WAN, etc.), and transmission media, including guided (wires, cables) and unguided (wireless) methods. Additionally, it discusses the components of fiber optic cables and the construction of different cable types.

Uploaded by

Ahmed Al-aini
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTRODUCTION TO

COMPUTER
NETWORKS
lecture 1
Computer Networks
 Two or more computers
or communications
devices connected by
transmission media
and channels and
guided by a set of
rules for communication
purposes that allow
users to communicate
with each other and
share applications and
data.
2
• Advantages of networks:
• Low cost
• Simple to configure
• User has full accessibility of the computer
• Time

• Element of communication:
• Data “message”
• Sender address “source address”
• Receiver address “destination address”

3
Why Networking?
• Sharing information — i.e. data
communication
• Do you prefer these?

• Or this?

4
Types of Networks

 ‫شبكة المناطق المحليه‬Local Area Networks - (LAN)


 ‫ شبكة المناطق الواسعه‬Wide Area Networks - (WAN)
 ‫ شبكة المباني‬Campus Area Networks - (CAN)
 ‫ شبكة خاصة‬Personal Area Networks - (PAN)
 ‫ شبكة المدينة‬Metropolitan Area Networks - (MAN)
 ‫ الشبكة الالسلكي‬Wireless Local Area Networks - (WLAN)
 ‫ الشبكة العالمية‬Global Area Networks - (GAN)
 ‫ الشبكة التخزينية‬Storage Area Networks - (SAN)
5
In Network

Server – laptop – PC

Hup – Switch

Router
6
Transmission Media
 Two main categories:
Guided ― wires, cables
Twisted-Pair cables:
 Unshielded Twisted-Pair (UTP) cables
- Ethernet straight through
- Ethernet crossover
- Rollover
 Shielded Twisted-Pair (STP) cables

Coaxial cables
Fiber-optic cables

Unguided ― wireless transmission, e.g. 7


radio, microwave, infrared, sound
Copper Media

8
Copper Media

9
Wiring pattern

T568A

T568B

10
Straight-through

11
Crossover

12
Rollover

13
Shielded Twisted Pair
(STP)

15
Coaxial Cable

Coaxial cable is a type of copper cable specially built with


a metal shield and other components engineered to block
signal interference. It is primarily used by cable TV
companies to connect their satellite antenna facilities to
customer homes and businesses

16
Fiber Cable

The three basic elements of a fiber optic cable are the core, the
cladding and the coating.

Core: This is the light transmission area of the fiber, either glass or
plastic. The larger the core, the more light that will be transmitted
into the fiber.

Cladding: The function of the cladding is to provide a lower


refractive index at the core interface in order to cause reflection
within the core so that light waves are transmitted through the
fiber.

Coating: Coatings are usually multi-layers of plastics applied to17


preserve fiber strength, absorb shock and provide extra fiber
Making Cables

18

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