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Chapter 2-Forces system 2D

Chapter 2 discusses force systems, focusing on the effects of forces on engineering structures and mechanisms. It covers the classification of forces, the principle of transmissibility, and the concept of moments, including how to calculate them using various methods. Additionally, it includes sample problems to illustrate the application of these concepts in two-dimensional force systems.

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7 views

Chapter 2-Forces system 2D

Chapter 2 discusses force systems, focusing on the effects of forces on engineering structures and mechanisms. It covers the classification of forces, the principle of transmissibility, and the concept of moments, including how to calculate them using various methods. Additionally, it includes sample problems to illustrate the application of these concepts in two-dimensional force systems.

Uploaded by

k.touileb
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 2

Force Systems
Force Systems
Introduction:

In this and the following


chapters, we study the
effects of forces which
act on engineering
structures and
mechanisms.
Force Systems
Force : Force is a vector
quantity, because its
effect depends on the
direction as well as on
the magnitude of the
action. Thus, forces may
be combined according to
the parallelogram law of
Force Systems
External and Internal Effects
Forces external to a body can be
either applied forces or reactive
forces.
The effects of P internal to the bracket
are the resulting internal forces .
Force Systems
Principle of Transmissibility we ignore
deformations in the body and concern
ourselves with only the net external effects
of external forces. A force may be applied
at any point on its given line of action
without altering the resultant effects of the
force external to the rigid body on which it
acts
Force Systems
 Force Classification
Forces are classified as either contact or
body forces. A contact force is produced
by direct physical contact.
A body force is generated by virtue of the
position of a body within a force field such
as a gravitational.
Forces may be further classified as either
concentrated or distributed An example
of a body force is your weight.
Force Systems
Action and Reaction
According to Newton’s third law, the action
of a force is always accompanied by an
equal and opposite reaction.
Concurrent Forces
Two or more forces are said to be concurrent
at a point if their lines of action intersect at that
point.
Force Systems
TWO-DIMENSIONAL FORCE SYSTEMS
Rectangular Components
where Fx and Fy are vector components of
F in the x- and y-directions.In terms of the
unit vectors i and j of below, Fx = Fx i and
Fy = Fy j, and thus we may write
TWO-DIMENSIONAL FORCE SYSTEMS
The scalar components can be positive or
negative, depending on the quadrant
into which F points.
SAMPLE PROBLEM 2/1
The forces F1, F2, and F3, all of which act
on point A of the bracket, are specified in
three different ways. Determine the x and y
scalar components of
each of the three forces.
SAMPLE PROBLEM 2/1
SAMPLE PROBLEM 2/2
Combine the two forces P and T,
which act on the fixed structure at B,
into a single equivalent force R.
Graphical solution
Measurement of the length R and
direction of the resultant force R
yields the approximate results
Geometric solution

From the law of sines


Algebraic solution
Moment
a force can tend to rotate a body about an axis.
This rotational tendency is known as the moment
M of
the force. The magnitude of this tendency
depends on both the magnitude F of the force
and the effective length d of the wrench handle.
Moment
Moment about a Point
Moment
The Cross Product In some
two-dimensional and many of
the three-dimensional
problems, the moment of F
about point A may be
represented by the cross-
product expression.
Moment
Varignon’s Theorem which states that
the moment of a force about any point is
equal to the sum of the moments of the
components of the force about the same
point.
Sample Problem
Calculate the
2/5
magnitude of the
moment about the
base point O of the
600-N force in five
different ways.
Couple
The moment produced by two
equal, opposite, and no collinear
forces is called a couple
Couple
Equivalent Couples
Sample Problem 2/7
 The rigid structural member is subjected
to a couple consisting of the two 100-N
forces. Replace this couple by an
equivalent couple consisting of the two
forces P and P, each of which has a
magnitude of 400 N. Determine the
proper angle .
Sample Problem 2/8
 Replace the
horizontal 400-N
force acting on
the lever by an
equivalent
system
consisting of a
force at O and a
couple.
RESULTANTS
RESULTANTS
RESULTANTS
RESULTANTS
Sample Problem 2/9
Determine the resultant of the
four forces and one couple which
act on the plate shown.
Problem p45-2.46
 The small crane is mounted along the side
of a pickup bed and facilitates the
handling of heavy loads. When the boom
elevation angle is 40, the force in the
hydraulic cylinder BC is 4.5 kN, and this
force applied at point C is in the direction
from B to C (the cylinder is in
compression). Determine the moment of
this 4.5-kN force about the boom pivot
point O.
Problem p45-2.46

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