Radio Broadcasting

UNLOCKING the FUNDAMENTALS

Noi A. Apresto
 REMINDER:
In respect to the
speaker,
taking of pictures and
or videos WITHOUT
CONSENT
are
HIGHLY DISCOURAGED.
Session
Rules:
1.) Cell-phones MUST NOT DISRUPT the
sessions. It can only be entertained
during designated breaks.

2.) Time is of the essence. Be at your

respective posts at the start of every
activity &
observe break times.
3.) Spectators are not allowed.
Accomplish each assigned task diligently.

4.) Unrelated concerns are not welcomed.

Leave your personal worries behind.

5.) This is once in a lifetime event. So

choose to enjoy everything out of here.
Training
Objectives:
At the end of the session the
participants musta be
1. Gain able to:
holistic
understanding on the
underlying elements
2. Identifyinthe
involved essential
broadcasting;
factors and approaches
affecting a high quality
broadcast
3. Apply material;
the learnedand
elements, approaches and
strategies in broadcasting
through a production
 Session 1

Typical Radio Broadcast

Crew Distribution and
Functions
 The Typical Radio Broadcast
Sessio Crew Distribution and
n1 Functions:
1.) Director: is the very person who
takes full command of the direction to
ensure that the production is
delivered as scheduled through the
proper designation and coordination
of the crews so that all the
contents of the script are carried out
as planned.
-is considered the time-keeper of the
production. It is the primary
function of the Director to keep tract
of the every second of the production
schedule. Crews must be reminded of
the running time either through vocal
announcements or hand signals
every fragment agreed upon.
In conveying the instructions, the
Director often use hand signals.
 The Typical Radio Broadcast
Sessi Crew Distribution and
on 1 Functions:

2.) Technical Director : is in-charge of

the tools and equipment necessary for the
production. It is the responsibility of the
TD to check, install, connect and pre-
test all the tools and equipment to
ensure a quality broadcast out-put. The
TD must have the technical knowledge of
the basic audio tools and equipment
as well as its related functions. It is the
duty of the TD to cue the canned and live
materials and ensure that such is aired as
scheduled and specified in the script.
 The Typical Radio Broadcast
Sessi Crew Distribution and
on 1 Functions:

3.) Info-Mercial Specialist : is

responsible for the creation of a
“commercial” whose creativity to
incorporate the use of a concept, language,
characterization and other elements leads
to deliver a strong values formative message
within a very limited span of time.
 The Typical Radio Broadcast
Sessi Crew Distribution and
on 1 Functions:

4.) Anchor Person/s : is regarded as the

voice of authority in the entire program
delivery. It is the responsibility of the
anchor to synthesize the stories or news
articles to be delivered and must ensure
that sequencing of news deliveries from
the first up to the last be executed in a
smooth transition. The anchor must be
quick in delivering adlibs in cases of
technical glitches and other embarrassing
 The Typical Radio Broadcast
Sessi Crew Distribution and
on 1 Functions:

5.) News Presenter/s: is considered as the

story teller in the program segment where
the news stories must be delivered
within the fashion of the news content or
orientation.
 Session 2

Basic Broadcast
Equipment Handling and
Operations
Sessio Basic Broadcast Equipment
n2 Handling and Operations

Points to
Consider:
Wattage
Requirement:
50 Watts ; 100
Watts;
500 Watts; 10,000
Wavelength
Watts Usage/
Modulation:
Amplitude Modulation
(AM)
Frequency Modulation
(FM)
Station Orientation:
Government Owned
Private Commercial
Community Based
Sessio Basic Broadcast Equipment
n2 Handling and Operations
Basic Studio Set-
Up:

Cueing and Recording

System:
Phone Patch
Device:
Headset
Monitor:
Condenser
Microphone:

Mic Boom:

Amplifier/
Mixer:
 Session 3

3 Cs
Considerations in
Crafting
News Broadcast Content
 Considerations in
Sessio
n3
3 Cs Crafting
News Broadcast Content

1.) Clear
Story
Use imagery: Radio audiences need
to imagine the people, places and things in your
story. With your words, create powerful and
straightforward imagery. Use descriptive verbs
instead of adjectives. For example, if you say “he
struts or saunters” you’re giving a picture without
using an adjective. But don't let vivid, imagery-rich
writing turn verbose. Use words sparingly.
Write to the pictures: TV and video
audiences will see why something happened. In
television, the phrase “write to tape” is used to
describe the way a story script is built around the
visual images you have gathered. Don't write any
longer than the story or pictures warrant.
 Considerations in
Sessio Crafting
n3 Activity News Broadcast Content
1:
 Considerations in
Sessio Crafting
n3 Activity News Broadcast Content
1:
Suggested Out-
Put:
Hanggang bewang na tubig-baha ang
bumulaga sa mga residente dahil sa biglang
buhos ng malakas na ulan kaninang tanghali,
hudyat na panahon na nga ng pagpasok ng
monsoon season o tag-ulan.
Karamihan ay napilitang lumusong sa
maruming tubig dahil sa walang masasakyan.
Isang pampasaherong bus naman ang
tumirik sa kalye dahilan upang bumaba ang
mga pasahero nito at napilitang lumusong na
rin sa tubig.
 Considerations in
Sessio
n3
3 Cs Crafting
News Broadcast Content

2.) Concise
Facts
Keep it simple: Allot a sentence to each
idea. Be clear and concise, stick to the story and
don't try too hard to be "clever." Too much detail
can become irrelevant and make the story lose
focus. Avoid most multiple-syllable words, words
that are tough to pronounce and long, convoluted
sentences. Treasure small words.

Write like you speak: Write in your own

voice, in a conversational tone, as if you’re
speaking to only one listener. Keep sentences
short. If you have a long sentence, follow it up
with a short one. When you go back and read your
narration aloud, do you truly sound like yourself?
 Considerations in
Sessio Crafting
n3 2.) Concise News Broadcast Content
Facts:
 Considerations in
Sessio
n3
3 Cs Crafting
News Broadcast Content

3. Complete
Details
Tell stories in a logical order: Make
sure that your content has a beginning, a middle
and an ending. Don't bury the lead; state the
news near the top, without too much buildup.

Provide specificity: Although the goal is

to write clearly, you must also avoid being too
general. Reporters should provide context for
anything that may cause confusion or "raise
eyebrows." When describing people, don't label
them. Tell exactly what they do as opposed to
using their official title.
 Session 4

Basic Radio Broadcast

Script Format
 Basic Radio
Sessio Broadcast
n4 Script Format
Common Terms for Directorial
Instructions
FADE UP : refers to the gradual volume
increase of the
broadcast content or
material especially music
or sound effects.

FADE UNDER: or sometimes Fade to Bed

refers to the gradual volume
decrease of the broadcast
content or material and it
being played in background
level.
 Basic Radio
Sessio Broadcast
n4 Script Format
Common Terms for Directorial
Instructions

ESTABLISH : refers to the broadcast

content being played at
a steady level for a period
of time.

FADE OUT : refers to the gradual

volume decrease of the
broadcast content up to its
cutting.
 Basic Radio
Sessio Broadcast
n4 Script Format
Common Terms for Directorial
Instructions
CROSSFADE WITH : an example of a
creative maneuver on
music where the second
music material is played
following the first without
immediately being noticed.
Usually both materials appear
to be connected as both
have almost the same rhythm,
melody, and acoustics.
 Basic Radio
Sessio Broadcast
n4 Script Format
Common Terms for Directorial
Instructions

SEGUE TO : contrary to cross-fading,

this technique is using the
second material to establish a
different scene or
perspective.
SNEAK IN : another example of a
creative maneuver where a
material is being played to
steal attention or emphasize
a particular scene.
 Basic Radio
Sessio Broadcast
n4 Script Format
Common Terms for Directorial
Instructions

OFF MIC : intentionally done as a

creative maneuver to
elicit an impression of being far
from the scene.

DEAD AIR : is the silent gap of more

than three (3) seconds not
necessary or required by the
script.
Sessio
n4

“Lanog Sa Kaalam”
5 Minute Radio Newscast
DXRA 107.5
December 15, 2020

REXX O. ONA
Technical Director

KARLO C. ANINO
Info-mercial Specialist/
Scriptwriter

MAGGIE K, SARAP
MAHAL C. KITA
Basic AKO E. TU
News Presenters
Radio PIOLO D. ASKAL

Broadcast BONNA P. KIDO

Anchors

Script
Format

TITLE PAGE
Sessio HEADER/
n4
“Lanog Sa Kaalam”
5 Minute Radio Newscast
DXRA 107.5 SERIES
December 15, 2020
Page 1 0f 5 INDICATOR
DIRECTORIAL 1.SNEAK-IN “LANOG” PROGRAM ID THEN SEGUE
INSTRUCTIONS TO

2. THEME MUSIC FADE UP ...ESTABLISH... FADE

UNDER FOR

3. ANCHOR 1: Good morning Caraga!

4. ANCHOR 2: Maayong buntag Agusan.

NUMBERED LINES 5. ANCHOR 1: Broadcasting live from DXRA 107.5

news SPIELS
6. : center, bringing you the latest and the

7. : hottest events of the day...

8. : This is Piolo Askal

Basic
Radio 9. ANCHOR 2: And this is Bonna Kido
Broadcast 10.A 1 & 2 : Your partners IN TRUTH and
Script IMPARTIALITY
Format
Sessio PAGE CHANGE
n4
“Lanog Sa Kaalam”
5 Minute Radio Newscast
DXRA 107.5 INDICATOR
December 15, 2020
Page 2 0f 5

1.

3.

4.

5.
START WITH LINE
6.
#1
7.

8.

9.
Basic 10.
Radio
Broadcast
Script
Format
Sessio PAGE CHANGE
n4
“Lanog Sa Kaalam”
5 Minute Radio Newscast
DXRA 107.5 INDICATOR
December 15, 2020
Page 5 0f 5

1 THEME MUSIC FADE UP…ESTAB…FADE UNDER FOR

2 ANCHOR : That concludes our Seven O’clock news

3 : update. With Riza Rizal, Mario Rio and Baha

4 : Taja this is Juan Carlo saying:

5 : “To them that much is given, much is

START WITH LINE required”

#1 6 : Philippines thank you and good morning!

7 THEME MUSIC FADE UP THEN FADE OUT

END
Basic
Radio
Broadcast
Script
Format
 Session 5

Techniques in
Crafting Info-mercial
Sessio Techniques in
n5 Crafting Info-mercial

Info-mercial Defined

A term game between information in a

“commercial” break, an info-mercial is
intended to break the monotony in the
news cast. Generally it is purported to
share a very relevant and pertinent
information and not to “sell”
something as advertising commercials
are.

A noteworthy info-mercial is
always researched based and is a
values formative one.
Sessio Techniques in
n5 Crafting Info-mercial

Points To Remember:

“Ala-ala”
Change in Header 1 Minute Info-Mercial
DXRA 107.5
December 15, 2020
Page 3 of 5
_________________________________________________________________________________________

1MUSIC: MALAMIG ANG SIMOY NG HANGIN FADE UP THEN FADE TO BED FOR

2 CHILD : Its Christmas time na naman. I should not forget sino ang

3 tatawagan. Wala man akong regalo. At least I can say hello.

 Sessio Techniques in
n5 Crafting Info-mercial
Salient Parts:
SITUATIONAL
1MUSIC: MALAMIG ANG SIMOY NG HANGIN FADE UP THEN FADE TO BED FOR MUSIC
2 CHILD : Its Christmas time na naman. I should not forget sino ang
ISSUE
3 tatawagan. Wala man akong regalo. At least I can say hello.

4 SOUND EFFECTS: PHONE RING TONE SNEAK IN

5 GRANDMA : Hello.
APPROACH
6 CHILD : Hello lola! Kumusta ka? Miss na miss na kita.

7 GRANDMA : Mabuti naman at napatawag ka. I thought you have forgotten me na.

8 CHILD : Ang lola talaga. How could I ever forget you? Sobrang miss nga kita.

9 GRANDMA : Naku! Ako pay bolahen ba…..

10 OFF MIKE CONTINUING CONVERSATION (GIGGLING AND LAUGHTER)

11V.O. : We may be busy with so many things this yuletide season. CALL TO
Techniques in ACTION
Crafting 12 : But a simple call may bring real happiness to a person.

Info-mercial 13 : Tawag na. Usap na. Gawing maligaya ang bawat isa. PUNCH LINE
14 MUSIC: MALAMIG ANG SIMOY NG HANGIN FADE UP THEN FADE OUT
MOOD
SWEEPER
 Sessio Techniques in
n5 Crafting Info-mercial

Line Substitution
Technique

Original Lines:

Leron, leron sinta

Buko ng papaya
Substituted
Dala-dala'y buslo
Lines:
Sisidlan ng bunga
Leron, leron sinta
Puro ka paasa
Techniques in
Crafting Dala-dala'y puso
Info-mercial Laman pala'y iba
 Session 6

Formulating
Broadcast Headlines
Sessio Formulating
n6 Broadcast Headlines

A.) Descriptive
Headline
Descriptive headline provides a vivid or a
pictorial statement of the issue at hand where
the weight of emphasis shall be determined to
what is more appealing. The issue at hand is at
its original state or “blown up” stage.

Tianjin City sa Hilagang Tsina ginulantang ng

malakas na lindol kaninang umaga!

A strong magnitude earthquake rocks the

industrial city of Tianjin in Northern China!
Sessio Formulating
n6 Broadcast Headlines

B.) Cause-Effect
Headline
Partly closely-related to descriptive headline,
this type of headline presents a brief
description of the cause of the issue and
immediately followed by the controversial
effect or result of such cause.

Tianjin City sa hilagang Tsina niyanig ng

lindol:
Tatlong milyong tao pinangangambahang
apektado.
Earthquake rocks the City of Tianjin in
Northern China:
At least three million people are affected.
Sessio Formulating
n6 Broadcast Headlines

C.) Narrative Headline

As the news material at hand is an off-shoot of a

previously presented or already reported
matter, the narrative headline attempts to
present
the latest highlights on the progress and
development of the original
issue.
Gobyerno ng Tsina agad rumesponde sa
trahedya;
Rescue Missions agad isinagawa.
Chinese government responds swiftly;
Rescue efforts are initiated immediately.
 Session 7

Dynamics of
Interpreting Test
Materials
 Dynamics of
Sessio Interpreting Test
n7 Materials
Interpreting and Treating News Test
Material

A.) Contextual
Analysis

The news material is carefully analyzed

based on the provided and completely
presented facts either from published or
recorded sources. Hence, more often, the
news out-put is a substantial translation
of the provided facts or a safe reprisal of
the presented information.
 Dynamics of
Sessio Interpreting Test
n7 Materials
Interpreting and Treating News Test
Material

B.) Circumstantial
Analysis

The material is quantified and qualified

based from the raw data or incomplete
information where the expected out-put
shall be a calibrated interpretation or
safe assumption of the easily verifiable
facts.
 Dynamics of
Sessio Interpreting Test
n7 Materials
 Dynamics of
Sessio Interpreting Test
n7 Materials
 Dynamics of
Sessio Interpreting Test
n7 Materials
Contest
Material
 Elementary English

1.) The conduct of the 2nd Virtual DSPC of Butuan

City Division.
2.) Recent Presidential and Vice Presidential survey
conducted by OCTA Research.
3.) The Philippines voting YES in the UN General
assembly resolution condemning attack in
Ukraine.
4.) Preparations of DepEd for the deemed
resumption of face to face classes..

Info-Mercial: Manifesting Ideal On-Line

Learning Habit
 Elementary Filipino

1.) Mga pag-aalala ng mga bansa sa

isinasagawang ballistic missile test ng North
Korea.
2.) Epekto ng buntot ng LPA na namataan sa
Mindanao sa kasalukuyang lagay ng panahon.
3.) Pagsasagawa ng 2nd Virtual DSPC ng Butuan
City Division.
4.) Pinakabagong Resulta ng Presidential at Vice
Presidential Survey na isinagawa ng OCTA
Research.
Info-Mercial: Covid-19 Vaccine para sa
mga menor de edad.
 Secondary English

1.) Implication of the impending fuel price hike

towards public transport.
2.) The Philippines voting YES in the UN General
Assembly condemning attack in Ukraine.
3.) Inclusion of Campus Vlogging as the latest
contest category in the 2022 Virtual DSPC.
4.) Impact of lowering Metro Manila and other
key areas into Alert Level 1.

Info-Mercial: Institutionalizing Blended

Learning as DepEd Strategy
 Secondary Filipino

1.) Repatriation initiatives of DFA to affected

OFWs in Ukraine.
2.) The Philippines voting YES in the UN General
Assembly condemning attack in Ukraine.
3.) Recent Presidential and Vice Presidential survey
conducted by OCTA Research.
4.) Recent campaign sorties of presidential
candidates.

Info-Mercial: The Call of Fire Prevention

Month
 TVBSecondary
English
1.) Implication of the expected 2nd Round of talks
between Russia and Ukraine.
2.) The Philippines voting YES in the UN General
Assembly condemning attack in Ukraine.
3.) Inclusion of Campus Vlogging as the latest
contest category in the 2022 Virtual DSPC.
4.) Impact of lowering Metro Manila and other
key areas into Alert Level 1.
5.) Feature a woman of exemplary performance in
celebrating Women’s Month.
DevCom: Mental Health Confronting
Millennials
 TVBSecondary
Filipino
1.) Feature a specific scenario in
commemorating Fire Prevention Month.
2.) Inclusion of Campus Vlogging as the latest
contest category in the 2022 Virtual DSPC.

3.) Implication of the expected 2nd Round of talks

between Russia and Ukraine.
4.) Characteristics required from an area
downgraded into Alert Level 1.
5.) Effects of the impending fuel price hike.

DevCom: Women Empowerment

• 1234567890-=qwertyuiop[]|
AS