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2.1 Population, Sample & Sampling

The document explains the concepts of population and sample in research, emphasizing the importance of accurately representing the population through sampling methods. It outlines various sampling techniques, including probability and non-probability methods, and discusses factors influencing sample size. The document concludes by highlighting the need for samples to reflect the characteristics of the target population to ensure valid results.

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2 views

2.1 Population, Sample & Sampling

The document explains the concepts of population and sample in research, emphasizing the importance of accurately representing the population through sampling methods. It outlines various sampling techniques, including probability and non-probability methods, and discusses factors influencing sample size. The document concludes by highlighting the need for samples to reflect the characteristics of the target population to ensure valid results.

Uploaded by

crapyaccounts423
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Population,

Sample and
Sampling
CAT 42, RUN 1, Subgroup A1
Faris
Zyad Tarek Salaas
171110040 171110041
Mohammed
Akasha Sari Fusha
171110057 171110157
Populations 01 02 Samples

Sampling 03 04 Summ
methods ary
INTRODUCTION
If the sample misrepresents the
population, it might backfire at the
results of the study. To avoid this,
some might prefer to test the whole
population, which is usually
impossible. In this case, you will need
to take a sample and generalize the
results, taking the risk of erroneous
generalization.
WHAT IS A
POPULATIO
N?
Any complete set of observations (or potential
observations) may be characterized as a
population. A population is the entire group
that you want to draw conclusions about. a
population doesn’t always refer to people, it
can refer to anything you want to study, such
as, events, countries, organisms, etc.
Samples
Any subset of
observations from a Baseline characteristics
population may be are important to know
characterized as a if the sample matches
sample. the criteria.

The sample should A sample is the


represent the specific group that you
population to give the will collect data from,
ability to generalize. with a size less than
than the total size of
the population.
POPULATION VS. SAMPLE
SAMPLE SIZE
There is no fixed number for best
sample size, it can be in tens, hundreds,
or even thousands.

The best sample size is subjective to


the expirament, and depends on
answers to questions, the answers of
which are used in concordance with
guidelines to determine the best sample
size. In general, the larger the sample,
the more accurate your results are.
METHODS OF SAMPLING

Propability sampling Non-propability


methods sampling methods
Methods involving random Methods involving non-
selection of subjects, where random criteria, where not
everyone has a chance of everyone has a chance of
being selected. They include: being selected. They include:
Simple random sampling, Convenience sampling,
Systematic sampling, Voluntary response
Stratified sampling and sampling, Purposive
Cluster sampling. sampling
Non-probability andisSnowball
sampling not valid for
making statisticalsampling.
inferences about a
population because of its high risk of
selection bias
Simple
random
sampling
Every individual has the same chance to
be selected. The sampling frame includes
the whole population.

Example: You want to select a simple


random sample of 100 employees of
Company X. You assign a number to every
employee in the company database from
0 to 999, and use a random number
generator to select 100 numbers.
Systemic
sampling

It is a random sampling method which


involves choosing a random starting point
and then taking individuals at fixed
intervals. It is a two steps sampling
method.

All employees of the company are listed in


alphabetical order. From the first 10
numbers, you randomly select a starting
point: number 6. From number 6 onwards,
every 10th person on the list is selected
(6, 16, 26, 36, and so on), and you end up
with a sample of 100 people.
Stratified
sampling
This sampling method is appropriate when
sampling a population with mixed
characteristics, while insuring that every
characteristic is proportionally represented. You
divide the population into subgroups (called
strata) based on the relevant characteristic (e.g.
gender, age range, income bracket, job role),
and then you randomly select subjects
proportionally from each stratum.

The company has 800 female employees and


200 male employees. You want to ensure that
the sample reflects the gender balance of the
company, so you sort the population into two
strata based on gender. Then you use random
sampling on each group, selecting 80 women
Cluster
sampling

Population is divided into clusters, with


each cluster representing the whole
population, and then clusters are
randomly selected as a whole. This
method is good for huge and scattered
population.

The company has offices in 10 cities


across the country (all with roughly the
same number of employees in similar
roles). You don’t have the capacity to
travel to every office to collect your data,
so you use random sampling to select 3
Summary

● A population is the
entire group that you
want to draw conclusions
about.

● A sample is the specific


group that you will
collect data from.

● Ensure that the sample


population represents
the target population.
RESOURC
ES
● Gosall, N. and Gosall, G., 2012. The
Doctor's Guide To Critical Appraisal.
3rd ed. PasTest.
● Witte, R. and Witte, J., 2017. Statistics.
11th ed. WILEY.
● Scribbr. 2020. Population Vs Sample |
Definitions, Differences & Examples.
[online] Available at:
<https://www.scribbr.com/methodology
/population-vs-sample/> [Accessed 6
September 2020].
● Ochoa, C., 2020. Random Sampling:
Simple Random Sampling. [online]
THANKS!
Does anyone have any
questions?

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