Output Device!

Output devices
• Output devices are those devices which
provide results from the computer in a
suitable form after data processing.
• In many cases this will be in the form of a
hard copy (printout) or on a screen.
• The widespread use of electronic mail means
output is now often in the form of an
electronic message to another computer.
 Visual display units (VDUs) or monitors
Sizes :
 The quoted size of the screen actually
indicates the length of the diagonal, so a 17
inch screen has a 17 inch diagonal.
Resolutions:
 The resolution is determined by the number
of dots of light (pixels) displayed on the
screen.
 If the screen is being used for CAD work or
for desktop publishing, then a large screen
with high resolution is required.
 Some monitors use a cathode ray tube
(CRT) for the display.
 This is the same type of display as used in
televisions and these make monitors quite
large.
 Visual display units (VDUs) or monitors

• VDUs or monitors are

almost taken for
granted as output
devices.
• They are ideal for
showing the results
from an enquiry
where no printout is
needed.
CRT (Cathode Ray Tube)
 Liquid crystal display (LCD)
screens
•
LCD screens are most often
seen on portable or laptop
computers.
•
They are used in these
applications because they
are small and light.
LED Display
Liquid crystal display (LCD)
screens
 LCD screens are also used where
space is at a premium.
 We can now see them in banks and
building societies where a traditional
monitor would take up too much
space.
 Laser printers

• Laser printers offer

both high speed and
excellent print quality
for text and graphics.
• Laser printers have
toner cartridges which
contain a fine
powdered black
plastic called toner.
Toner cartridges
How a laser printer works

 They work by using a heated wire to positively charge a drum,

which is then passed over by a laser that reverses the charge in
the areas that it hits. The now-negatively charged areas of the
drum represents the image or text that is to be printed.
 A toner roller is passed over the drum, and toner particles stick to
the negatively charged areas. A sheet of paper is then fed
underneath the toner-coated drum and the toner is passed onto
its surface, creating a printer copy of a digital document or image.
 With the first laser printers being made commercially available in
1976, laser printing has proved itself as a reliable and effective
printing solution.
 Incorporating laser beam technology in order to provide high
precision outputs, laser printers are the perfect choice for offices
and busy workplaces.
Advantages of laser printers
 Laser printers have several advantages when compared to inkjet technology.
 Speed
 The most obvious advantage of laser vs inkjet is speed. With higher first page and pages per
minute speeds, laser printers offer a clear edge over their inkjet counterparts.
 These faster speeds make laser printers the perfect choice for the office environment. Suited
to high volume, high speed printing, laser printers naturally lend themselves to busy work
spaces.
 Running Costs
 Although requiring a higher initial outlay in spend, toner yields are generally far higher and
more economic viable than ink cartridges.
 Designed for high volumes, toner cartridges prove to be the cheaper choice when compared
to ink cartridges.
 With extra high capacities available in many instances, toner cartridges allow for thousands
of pages of uninterrupted printing.
 Reliability
 Laser printers are designed for high volume, high speed printing and need to be designed
with reliability in mind.
 More rigorous testing and sturdier materials mean less downtime and an overall increase in
reliability making them perfect for busy workspaces.
 Quality
 With the microscopic properties of toner, laser printers offer far higher precision than the ink
droplets used in inkjet printing. This higher level of precision translates into higher levels of
quality with increased resolution and fine detail.
 Disadvantages of laser printers

1. Laser printers are more expensive than dot-

matrix or ink-jet printers.
2. They are quite large and can take up a lot of
desk space.
3. They are quite complex, so the repair bills can
be high.
 Disadvantages of laser
printers
4. Because they are non-impact printers, multi-
part stationery cannot be used. With a dot-
matrix printer, the impact can make marks on
several sheets of paper at the same time.
These thin sheets can then be sent to different
departments within a company.
5. Laser printers are page printers, so they cannot
be used with continuous stationery.
 Ink-jet printers
• Ink-jet printers are also commonly
called bubble-jet printers.
• The print head of an ink-jet printer
consists of nozzles (usually 64).
• The ink flows through the
appropriate nozzle, where it is
heated and a bubble forms.
• This expands and breaks, releasing
a very small ink droplet.
 Ink-jet printers
•
Ink-jet printers are cheaper to buy than laser
printers.
•
However, they are quite expensive to run,
because the ink cartridges are expensive and
need frequent replacement.
•
If we do not do a large amount of printing, an
ink-jet printer could be the best type to buy.
•
Another advantage of ink-jets is that they can
print satisfactorily in colour.
•
Dot-matrix printers can print in colour but the
colour produced is not as uniform as that
produced by ink-jets.
 Ink-jet printers

 The dots so formed are much smaller (and there are more of
them) than in a dot- matrix printer.
 This means that ink-jet printers can print high quality text and
graphics, almost comparable to that produced by laser printers.
 They are almost silent in operation.
 Dot-matrix printers

Dot-matrix printers
have been almost
completely replaced
by ink-jet and laser
printers.

There are some uses
however for which
dot- matrix printers
are ideal.
 Dot-matrix printers


Dot-matrix printers are impact printers,
which can transfer print through layers of
paper.

This means that they are able to print
multi-part stationery. So if we want to print
a multi-part sheet where, for example, the
white top sheet goes to the customer, the
yellow goes to accounts, the blue to the
stores, then we will need to use a dot-
matrix printer.
 Colour ink-jet printers

•
These are the cheapest
colour printers and are
generally the ones
chosen for home use
where they find a variety
of uses such as printing
birthday cards,
invitations, menus and
producing colour
photographs from digital
cameras.
 Colour ink-jet printers

 In order to produce high quality colour, ink-jet printers need special

glossy paper which is quite expensive.
 When the image quality is not so crucial, then ordinary paper can be
used.
 Although ink-jets are cheap to buy (typically £150), their running
costs are quite high because the ink cartridges are quite expensive.
 Colour printers
•
Colour printing is useful for improving the
appearance of the output from a computer
system. Imagine how much more interesting
financial reports, posters, brochures, business
letters, etc. are when in colour.
 Colour laser printers

• Colour laser printers are much

clearer than their ink-jet
counterparts but considerably
more expensive. Because of
their high initial cost (typically
at least £1500), their use is
restricted to commercial
organisations.


Although colour laser printers cost more to
buy their running costs are less than those of
colour ink-jet printers.
 Graph plotters
• Graph plotters enable accurate
line diagrams to be produced on
paper.
• They are ideal for plans, maps,
line diagrams and three-
dimensional drawings.
• Graph plotters use pens to
produce images and different
pens may be used containing
different coloured inks.
• There are two types of graph plotter. The
drum plotter
Drum plotters
Flat bed plotter
Speaker

 Speakers work by converting electrical energy into

mechanical energy (motion). The mechanical energy
compresses air and converts the motion into sound
energy or sound pressure level (SPL). When an electric
current is sent through a coil of wire, it induces a
magnetic field.
Speaker
Speaker

 Advantages
• Everyone in the room can hear the output from the
computer.
• They can help create an atmosphere or ambiance to
accompany a presentation.
• They help blind people to use the computer because text
can be converted into sound.
DLP projector
 DLP, or digital light processing technology, came out in 1987.
Today, DLP front projectors operate in a standalone manner,
typically for education in classrooms and business settings.
Comprised of chipsets, DLP itself relies on optical micro-
electro-mechanical technology that involves the use of a
digital micromirror device, or a myriad of tiny mirrors. A DLP
chip is vital in the capture and projection of your media files,
and a spinning color wheel shines red, blue and green light to
create patterns that translate into the intended images being
projected.
DLP Projector
DLP Projector Advantages

• DLP technology continues to enjoy a large market share for front

projection devices as well as the pico category of compact,
mobile display projection systems.
• Image projection is smooth and shake-free.
• Grayscale linearity and geometry are impressive.
• The light source is easily replaceable by comparison, therefore
the lifetime of the projector may also be longer.
• Active and passive 3D projection is affordable and achievable.
• Non-liquid components allow for greater screen size versatility.
• Color spectrum has a wider range. A DLP projector can process up
to seven colors and get the closest to true black.
• DLP projectors are virtually maintenance-free.
LCD Projector

 Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) projectors offer more

contemporary options for showing video, still images or
digital files and data than its predecessors. The LCD projector
channels light first through a metal-halide lamp and then
through a prism or group of dichroic filters (the "liquid
crystal") that divide the light into a trio of panels to handle
the red, blue and green elements in the display. Polarized
light moves through the panels and opened and closed pixels
determine whether light goes through or is blocked. This
series of open and closed pixels generates a rainbow effect of
colors in the projector's output.
LCD Projector
LCD Projector Advantages
•LCD projector lamps can deliver high light capacity even within a
small zone.
•Any flat surface serves well as a screen for viewing purposes.
•These projectors often offer compact and highly portable
solutions for viewing slideshows, movies, video and stills on the
fly.
•LCD projectors remain popular among hobbyists and the DIY
crowd.
•LCDs tend to have a higher contrast ratio than DLPs.
•Perceived contrast is similar if not better than that of DLP
projection.
•Similarly, 3LCD projectors have three chips instead of one,
offering less electricity consumption and higher brightness than
the standard LCD projectors.
•3LCD projectors also tend to be the quietest models in most
cases.
Thank you