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module2

The document discusses logic families and combinational circuits, focusing on positive and negative logic. It outlines key characteristics of logic families, including propagation delay, power dissipation, speed power product, fan in and fan out, input/output voltages and currents, supply current, noise margin, and operating temperature ranges for different applications. These characteristics are essential for understanding the performance and reliability of digital integrated circuits.

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pearlyjacob6
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9 views

module2

The document discusses logic families and combinational circuits, focusing on positive and negative logic. It outlines key characteristics of logic families, including propagation delay, power dissipation, speed power product, fan in and fan out, input/output voltages and currents, supply current, noise margin, and operating temperature ranges for different applications. These characteristics are essential for understanding the performance and reliability of digital integrated circuits.

Uploaded by

pearlyjacob6
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MODULE 2

LOGIC FAMILIES & COMBINATIONAL CIRCUITS


POSITIVE & NEGATIVE LOGIC
POSITIVE LOGIC
 Positive voltage level (High) :- 1
 Negative voltage level (Low) :- 0
NEGATIVE LOGIC
 Positive voltage level (High) :- 0
 Negative voltage level (Low) :- 1
LOGIC FAMILY
CHARACTERISTICS OF LOGIC
FAMILIES
1. PROPAGATION DELAY
 Maximum time taken by the output to change
its state in response to input.
 Determine the speed of operation of gate.
CONT….
2. POWER DISSIPATION (PD)
 Defined as the power dissipation in an IC.
 Measured in mW.
 It is desired to have low power dissipation to reduce cooling, but it
may increase the propagation delays.
3. SPEED POWER PRODUCT
 Defined as the product of propagation delay ( in nano seconds) and
power dissipation( in mW).
 It is measured in pico joules.
 Also referred as figure of merit of a digital IC.
Figure of merit = Propagation Delay x Power Dissipation
4. FAN IN
 Number of inputs that a logic gate can have.

5. FAN OUT:-
 Number of similar gates that a logic gate can drive. High fan out
is desirable
CONT….
6. INPUT AND OUTPUT VOLTAGES
a. High Level Input Voltage(VIH)
 Minimum input voltage recognized as logic 1.
b. Low Level Input Voltage(VIL)
 Maximum value of input voltage recognized as logic 0.
c. High Level Output Voltage(VOH)
 Minimum voltage of output voltage when output is logic 1.
d. Low Level Output Voltage(VOL)
 Maximum voltage that appears at output , when output is
logic 0
 The voltage separation between the two logic states is
defined as the logic swing
Input logic swing = VIH - VIL
Output logic swing = VOH - VOL
CONT….
7. INPUT & OUTPUT CURRENT
a. High Level input Current(IIH)
 Minimum current that must be supplied to the gate
corresponding to the logic 1 input.
b. Low Level input Current(IIL)
 Minimum current that must be supplied to the gate
corresponding to the logic 0 input.
c. High Level output Current(IOH)
Maximum amount of current that a gate can sink
when an output is logic 1.
d. Low Level output Current(IOL)
 Maximum amount of current that a gate can sink
when an output is logic 0.
CONT….
8. SUPPLY CURRENT
 Current drawn in low and high state.
a) High state supply current(Icc (1))
 Is the current drawn from the supply when output of
gate is logic 1.
b) Low state supply current.(Icc(0))
 Is the current drawn from the supply when output of
gate is logic 0.
 Low power dissipation P(0)= Vcc . Icc(0)
High power dissipation P(1)= Vcc . Icc(1)
Average Power dissipation Pavg
=[P(1)+P(0)]/2
CONT….
9. NOISE MARGIN
 The amount by which a circuit can tolerate the
effect of noise is called noise margin.
 The ability of a circuit to tolerate the effect of
noise is called noise immunity.
CONT….
 High state noise margin NMH=VOH-VIH
 Low state noise margin NML=VIL-VOL
CONT….
10. OPERATING TEMPERATURE
 Range of temperature in which digital IC can
function properly.
 0 to +70 degree Celsius for consumer
&industrial applications.
 -55 to 125 degree Celsius for military
applications.

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