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The document provides an overview of the types and components of a computer system, focusing on hardware and software. It details various internal and external hardware components, including the motherboard, RAM, ROM, video cards, sound cards, and storage devices like HDDs and SSDs. Additionally, it discusses the functions and characteristics of these components, emphasizing their roles in computer operation.

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3 views

1181554

The document provides an overview of the types and components of a computer system, focusing on hardware and software. It details various internal and external hardware components, including the motherboard, RAM, ROM, video cards, sound cards, and storage devices like HDDs and SSDs. Additionally, it discusses the functions and characteristics of these components, emphasizing their roles in computer operation.

Uploaded by

ziadmohammad503
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 12

IGSCE

Information and Communication Technology


June 2022
0984/ P1

Year 9

1
Chapter 1
Types and components of a computer system
• Hardware and software.
• Main components of a computer system.
• Operating systems.
• Types of computer.
• Impact of emerging technologies.

2
Types and components of computer system

Hardware

• Hardware: is a general term for the physical components that make up


a computer system.
• Hardware can be either external or internal.

Examples of External Hardware / peripherals


• Keyboard, Mouse, Monitor, Webcam, Microphone, Printer, Digital
Camera and Scanner

3
Types and components of computer system

Examples of Internal Hardware


• Motherboard.
• Random access memory (RAM).
• Read-only memory (ROM).
• Video cards.
• Sound cards.
• Internal storage devices: hard disk drive (HDD) and solid state drive
(SSD).

4
Types and components of computer system

Motherboard

Motherboard:
• A main printed circuit board found in all computers.

Functions of the motherboard:


• Act as a kind of ‘hub’ that other computer devices connect to.
• It allows the processor and other computer hardware to function and
communicate with each other.

5
Types and components of computer system

Motherboard

Motherboard consists of:


• A sheet of non-conductive material, such as hard plastic.
• Thin layers of copper or aluminum are printed onto this sheet.
• These form the circuits between the various components.
• Contains several sockets and slots to connect the other components.

6
Types and components of computer system

Random Access Memory (RAM)


Random Access Memory (RAM):
• Is an internal chip where data is temporarily stored when running
applications.
• This memory can be written to and read from.
• It’s called volatile or temporary memory as its content are lost when
power to the computer is turned off.
• RAM stores the data, files or part of the operating system currently in use.

7
Types and components of computer system

Read Only Memory (ROM)

Read-only memory (ROM):


• Is a memory used to store information that needs to be permanent.
• It is often used to contain, for example, configuration data for a
computer system.
• Its called non volatile memories as these chips cannot be altered and
can only be read from (hence their name).
• Information stored on the ROM chip is not lost even when power is
turned off to the computer.

8
Types and components of computer system

Video cards
• A video card allows the computer to send graphical information to a
video display device such as a monitor, television or projector.
• It usually connects to the motherboard.
Video cards are usually made up of:
• A processing unit (CPU)
• Memory unit (usually RAM)
• A cooling mechanism (often in the form of a heat sink since these
cards generate much heat)
• Connections to a display unit (monitor, television or projector).
9
Types and components of computer system

Sound Cards
Sound card:
• A sound card is an integrated circuit board that provides a
computer with the ability to produce sounds.
• These sounds can be heard by the user either through
speakers or headphones.
• Sound cards also allow a user to record sound input from a
microphone connected to the computer, and to manipulate
sounds stored on a disk.

10
Types and components of computer system

Sound Cards

• Sound cards use two basic methods to translate digital data into
analogue signals (needed for speakers):
• FM synthesis
Mimics different Musical instruments according to built-in formulas
• Wavetable synthesis relies on
recordings of actual instruments to
produce sound.

11
Types and components of computer system
Internal storage devices:
Hard disk drive (HDD) and Solid state drive (SSD).

• Hard disk drives (HDD) are magnetic in nature and are one of the
main methods for storing data, files (text, photos and music) and most
of the system and application software.
• More modern computers (and tablets) use newer storage systems that
make use of solid state drive (550) technology and are replacing HDD
in many cases. Their function is the same as HDD.

12

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