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b. What is Computer

The document provides an introduction to computers, detailing their functionalities, components, and the distinction between hardware and software. It outlines the roles of various computer units, including input, processing, memory, and output units, along with examples of input and output devices. Additionally, it explains the types of memory, such as RAM and ROM, and discusses secondary memory storage options.

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Jessabel Mae Manuel
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9 views

b. What is Computer

The document provides an introduction to computers, detailing their functionalities, components, and the distinction between hardware and software. It outlines the roles of various computer units, including input, processing, memory, and output units, along with examples of input and output devices. Additionally, it explains the types of memory, such as RAM and ROM, and discusses secondary memory storage options.

Uploaded by

Jessabel Mae Manuel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO

Introduction to
Computer
Prepared by: Roldan L. Oracoy
COS Instructor

ITech. ICT 01 Computer Application in Industrial Technology Education


Computer
- is an electronic device, operating under
the control of instructions stored in its own
memory that can accept data (input), process
the data according to specified rules, produce
information (output), and store the information
for future use.
Functionalities of a
computer
Any digital computer carries out five functions
in gross terms:
Takes data as input.
Stores the data/instructions in its memory
and uses them when required.
Processes the data and converts it into
useful information.
Generates the output
Controls all the above four steps
Functionalities of a computer

Processing

Data Information
Computer Components

 Hardware
 Software
Hardware

Computer hardware is the collection of


physical elements ”Tangible objects”
that constitutes a computer system.
the actual machinery, wires, transistors,
and circuits … etc.
Hardware:
Software

Computer Programs
Instructions and Data
Computer Units

Input Unit
Central processing Unit
Primary Memory Unit
Secondary storage Unit
Output Unit
Input Devices
- is any peripheral (piece of computer
hardware equipment to provide data and
control signals to an information processing
system such as a computer or other
information appliance.
- translate data from form that humans
understand to one that the computer can work
with. Most common are keyboard and mouse
Computer Units
Input Devices
Example of Input Devices
Keyboard Cameras
Mouse (pointing Pen Input
device) Video Capture
Microphone Hardware
Touch screen Trackballs
Scanner Barcode reader
Webcam Digital camera
Touchpads Joystick
MIDI keyboard Gamepad
Graphics Tablets Electronic
Note: The most common use keyboard isWhiteboard
the QWERTY keyboard.
Generally standard Keyboard has 104 keys
Central Processing Unit(CPU)
known as microprocessor or processor.
It is responsible for all functions and
processes
CPU Components
The CPU is comprised of three
main parts:
1.ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit)
2.Control Unit (CU)
3.Registers: Stores the data that is to
be executed next.
Primary Memory

1.RAM
2.ROM
Primary Memory
1. RAM: Random Access Memory:
- is a memory scheme within the computer system
responsible for storing data on a temporary basis, so
that it can be promptly accessed by the processor as
and when needed.
2. ROM (Read Only Memory):
- is a permanent form of storage.
ROM stays active regardless of whether power
supply to it is turned on or off.
ROM devices do not allow data stored on them to
be modified.
Secondary Memory
Stores data and programs
permanently
its retained after the power is
turned off
Main Examples:
• Hard Disk
• Optical Disk
• Flash memory
Hard Disk
 Called Disk drive or HDD
 stores and provides relatively quick access to large
amounts of data.
Optical Disk & Flash
an optical disc drive (ODD) is a disk drive that uses laser
light to store data.
There are three main types of optical media: CD, DVD,
and Blu-ray disc
CD “Compact Disk” can store up to 700MB
DVD “ Digital Video Disk “ can store up to 8.4 GB
Blu-ray disc. can store up to 50 GB
Output Unit
An output device is any piece of computer
hardware equipment used to communicate the results of
data processing carried out by an information
processing system (such as a computer) converts the
electronically generated information into human-
readable form.
Output devices Examples
Monitor LCD Projection Panels
Printers (all types) Computer Output Microfilm (COM)
Plotters Speaker(s)
Projector
Output devices
Examples
 Monitor
 LCD Projection
Panels
 Printers (all types)
 Computer Output
Microfilm (COM)
 Plotters
 Speaker(s)
 Projector
End……..
Thank You for
Listening!

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