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1 Introduction

The document provides an overview of data communications and computer networks, detailing the concept of communication, key components of a communication system, and the effectiveness of data communication. It explains the basic communication model, types of data communication based on flow direction, and various network types and topologies. Additionally, it discusses the importance of delivery, accuracy, and timeliness in data communication.

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Abi Selam
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
1 views

1 Introduction

The document provides an overview of data communications and computer networks, detailing the concept of communication, key components of a communication system, and the effectiveness of data communication. It explains the basic communication model, types of data communication based on flow direction, and various network types and topologies. Additionally, it discusses the importance of delivery, accuracy, and timeliness in data communication.

Uploaded by

Abi Selam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Data communications

and computer
networks
Introduction
Concept of Communication
• When we communicate we are sharing information
• The sharing can be local or remote
• Data refers to information presented in whatever form and conveys
information
• Data communication is therefore the exchange of data between two
devices via some form of transmission medium
• For a data communication to occur the communicating devices must
be part of a communication system made up of a combination of
hardware and software
Communication Model
• The fundamental purpose of a communications system is the
exchange of data between two parties.

General communication system model


Basic communication model
• Source:
• This device generates the data to be transmitted;
• examples are telephones and personal computers.
• Transmitter:
• Usually, the data generated by a source system are not transmitted directly in
the form in which they were generated.
• A transmitter transforms and encodes the information in such a way as to
produce electromagnetic signals that can be transmitted across some sort of
transmission system.
• For example, a modem takes a digital bit stream from an attached device such
as a personal computer and transforms that bit stream into an analog signal that
can be handled by the telephone network.
key elements of communication
model cont.
• Transmission system:
• This can be a single transmission line or a complex network connecting source
and destination.
• Receiver:
• The receiver accepts the signal from the transmission system and converts it
into a form that can be handled by the destination device.
• For example, a modem will accept an analog signal coming from a network or
transmission line and convert it into a digital bit stream.
• Destination:
• Takes the incoming data from the receiver.
Effectiveness of data
communication
• Delivery
• The system must deliver data to the correct destination
• Data must be received by the intended device or user and only by that device
or user
• Accuracy
• The system must deliver data without any alteration
• Timeliness
• The system must deliver before it is late. In some communications data
delivered late are useless
• Specially in real-time transmission these characteristics really matters
Communication system have five
components
• Message
• The information to be communicated
• Sender
• The device that sends the data
• Receiver
• The device that receives the message
• Medium
• The physical path by which the message travels
• Protocol
• Set of rules that govern data communication
Types of data communication
• Based on data flow direction
• Simplex
• Communication is uni-directional like a one way street
• Half-duplex
• Both devices can transmit data
• But the transmission can not take place at the same time
• Full duplex
• Both stations on the link can transmit at the same time
• They share the channels capacity
Networks
• Network is set of devices (nodes) connected by a communication links
• A link is communication pathway that transfers data from one device
to another
• Node can be computer ,printer , or any other device capable of
sending and/or receiving data generated by other nodes on the
network
Types of connection
• Point-to-point connection
• Multipoint connection
Point to point
• Provides a dedicated connection between the devices on the link
• the entire capacity of the network is dedicated to the two devises on the link
Multipoint
• Connection is one in which more than two devices share a single link
• The capacity of the channel is shared temporally or spatially
• In spatially shared connection several devices can use the link simultaneously
• In temporal shared connection, the users take turns to share the link
Physical topology
• The term physical topology refers to the way in which a network is
laid out physically
• It is the geometric representation of the relationship of all the links
and linking devices to one another
• Types of topology
• Bus
• Star
• Ring
• Mesh
• Hybrid
Based on network area coverage
• Local area network(LAN)
• Metropolitan area network(MAN)
• Wide area network (WAN)

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