LESSON 2:

POETRY
Marve Shane M. Mapinogos
 Objectives

At the end of the lesson, the students

are expected to:

Define poetry;
Identify the different types of
figurative language; and
Identify the types of poetry.
POETRY
Poetry is a type of literature that combines the
sound and meaning of language to create and
express ideas and feelings. The language of
poetry which uses imagery and figurative
language closely related terms is very rich,
suggestive, and powerful. It is expressed in
regimented manner by the force of stanza,
meter, rhyme, and other regulating devices
THREE TYPES OF POETRY
Narrative Poetry
Epics
Ballad
s
Dramatic Poetry
Lyric Poetry
haiku
ode
elegy
sonne
t
THREE TYPES OF POETRY
Narrative Poetry - tell stories and has two forms:
Epics are lengthy poems that embody the
adventures of epic heroes and divine forces.
They are the oldest remaining form of poetry.
Examples: Biag ni Lam-ang, Epic of Gilgamesh,
Beowulf
Ballads are narrative poems meant to be sung.
They are briefer than the epics and they usually
tell stories about a person. Because ballads
started from the common people, they use
repetitive and simple language as well as
THREE TYPES OF POETRY
Dramatic poetry - reveal stories, but one or more
characters act out the poem. There are plays that are
written as dramatic poetry. This allows the writer to
reveal characters directly through dialogue/
monologue.
William Shakespeare, an English playwright, is the
most famous dramatic poet. In the dramatic
monologue, the story is dramatically told by only
one character. Examples: The Raven by Edgar Allan
Poe, Winter’s Tale by William Shakespeare
THREE TYPES OF POETRY
Lyric poetry - the most familiar of the three, is a
brief poem that articulates the poet’s thoughts and
feeling. Lyric poetry comes in many forms:
Haiku, one of the shortest lyric poems, is a
Japanese verse of 17 syllables arranged in three
lines, the first line has 5, the second 7, and the
third 5. Example: Haiku poems of Matsuo Basho:
Two cups of coffee
Wake me up enough to
ask “
Did I have
THREE TYPES OF POETRY
Ode is a serious elaborate lyric poem full of high
praises and noble feelings usually about things.
Example: Ode to Evening by William Collins (1721-
1759) Ode to Tomatoes by Pablo Neruda.
Elegy is a poem of meditation on life and death.
Many elegies mourn the death of a famous person
or a close friend. Examples: An Elegy Written on a
Country Church Yard by Thomas Gray In Memoriam
A.H.H. by Alfred Lord Tennyson.
THREE TYPES OF POETRY
Sonnet is a 14-line lyric poem with a certain
pattern of rhyme and rhythm. Example SONNET
18 By William Shakespeare:
Shall I compare thee to a summer’s
day? Thou art more lovely and more
temperate:
Rough winds do shake the darling buds of
May, And summer’s lease hath all too
short a date; Sometime too hot the eye
of heaven shines, And often is his gold
complexion dimm'd;
And every fair from fair sometime declines,
By chance or nature’s changing course
untrimm'd; But thy eternal summer shall not
fade,
Nor lose possession of that fair thou
ow’st; Nor shall death brag thou wander’st
in his shade,
THREE TYPES OF POETRY
Song is a lyric poem intended to be sung.
Example: Sound of Silence by Bob Dylan and
Paul Simon:
SOUND OF SILENCE
Hello darkness, my old friend
I 've come to talk with you
again Because a vision softly
creeping Left its seeds while I
was sleeping
And the vision that was planted in my
brain Still remains
Within the sound of silence In restless dreams I
walk alone Narrow streets of cobblestone '
Neath the halo of a street lamp
I turned my collar to the cold and damp
When my eyes were stabbed by the flash of a
neon light That split the night
And touched the sound of
THREE TYPES OF POETRY
Ten thousand people, maybe
more People talking without
speaking People hearing
without listening
People writing songs that voices never
share And no one dared
Disturb the sound of
silence "Fools" said I,"You
do not know Silence like a
cancer grows
Hear my words that I might teach
you Take my arms that I might
reach you." But my words like
silent raindrops fell And echoed In
the wells of silence And the
people bowed and prayed To the
neon god they made
And the sign flashed out its warning In the words
that it was forming
And the signs said, 'The words of the prophets are written on the
 Figurative Language

Alliterati Anapho Antithes

on ra is
The repetition of an The repetition of the The juxtaposition of
initial consonant same word or phrase contrasting ideas in
sound. Example: She at the beginning of balanced phrases
sells seashells by the successive clauses or Example: As Abraham
seashore verses. Lincoln said, "Folks who
Example: Unfortunately, have no vices have
I was in the wrong place very few virtues."
at the wrong time on the
wrong day.
 Figurative Language

Apostrop Assonan Synecdoc

he ce he
Directly addressing Identity or similarity A figure of speech
a non-existent in sound between in which a part is
person or an internal vowels in used to represent
inanimate object as neighbouring words. the whole.
though it were a Example: How now, Example: Tina is
living being.
brown cow? learning her ABC's in
Example: "Oh, you
preschool.
stupid car, you never
work when I need you
to," Bert sighed.
 Figurative Language

Hyperbole Irony Understatement

An extravagant The use of words to A figure of speech in

statement; the use of convey the opposite of which a writer or
exaggerated terms their literal meaning. speaker deliberately
for the purpose of Example: "Oh, I love makes a situation
emphasis or spending big bucks," seem less important
heightened effect.
said my dad, a or serious than it is.
Example: I have a ton
notorious penny Example: "You could
of things to do when I
pincher say Babe Ruth was a
get home.
decent ballplayer,"
the reporter said with
a wink
 Figurative Language

Metaphor Onomatopeoia Oxymoron

An implied The use of words that A figure of speech

comparison between imitate the sounds in which
two dissimilar things associated with the incongruous or
that have something objects or actions they contradictory
in common. Example: refer to. terms appear side
"All the world's a
Example: The clap of by side.
stage."
thunder went bang Example: "He
and scared my poor popped the įumbo
dog. shrimp in his mouth."
 Figurative Language

Paradox Personification Simile

A statement that A figure of speech in A stated

appears to which an inanimate comparison (usually
contradict itself. object or abstraction is formed with "like" or
Example: "This is the endowed with human "as") between two
beginning of the qualities or abilities. fundamentally
end," said Eeyore,
Example: That kitchen dissimilar things
always the pessimist
knife will take a bite out that have certain
of your hand if you don't qualities in common.
handle it safely. Example: Roberto
was white as a
sheet.