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Neutral and Green Contemporary Pitch Deck - 20250118 - 170643 - 0000

The document discusses how structural and developmental characteristics, along with DNA sequence relatedness, are used to classify living organisms and infer their evolutionary relationships. It outlines various lines of evidence such as fossil records, homologies, developmental biology, biogeography, and molecular clocks that contribute to understanding phylogeny. Additionally, it highlights the importance of phylogenetic trees in classification and the potential for reclassification based on evolutionary history.

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7 views11 pages

Neutral and Green Contemporary Pitch Deck - 20250118 - 170643 - 0000

The document discusses how structural and developmental characteristics, along with DNA sequence relatedness, are used to classify living organisms and infer their evolutionary relationships. It outlines various lines of evidence such as fossil records, homologies, developmental biology, biogeography, and molecular clocks that contribute to understanding phylogeny. Additionally, it highlights the importance of phylogenetic trees in classification and the potential for reclassification based on evolutionary history.

Uploaded by

dealdoemanlloyd
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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How the Structural and

Developmental
Characteristics and
Relatedness in DNA
Sequences are Used to
Classify Living Things.
Specific Learning Outcomes
At the end of the lesson, the learners will be 2013
able to:
• describe the multiple lines of evidence used to infer
/
evolutionary
relatedness;
• discuss how anatomical, developmental and relatedness in
DNA se
quencesare used as evidence to infer the relatedness of
taxa; and
• explain that classification is based on evolutionary
relatedness
Activity
1. What makes you unique and what makes you similar? To
2013
your siblings, mother, or father.
/

Similarities Unique
Introduction
Lines of evidence to infer evolutionary relationships:
2013
1. Fossil evidence /
2. Homologies - Similar characters due to relatedness
are known as homologies. Homologies can berevealed
by comparing the anatomies of different living things,
looking at cellular similarities anddifferences, studying
embryological development, and studying vestigial
structures within individualorganisms.
Introduction
An example of homology is the forelimb2013 of tetrapods
(vertebrates with legs). - Frogs, birds, rabbits
/ and lizards
all have different forelimbs, reflecting their different
lifestyles. But those different forelimbs all share the
same set of bones - the humerus, the radius, and the
ulna. These arethe same bones seen in fossils of the
extinct transitional animal, Eusthenopteron, which
demonstratestheir common ancestry
Introduction
Developmental biology- Studying the 2013
embryological
development of living things provides clues
/ to theevolution
of present-day organisms. During some stages of
development, organisms exhibit ancestralfeatures in whole
or incomplete form.

3. Biogeography- the geographic distribution of species in


time and space as influenced by manyfactors, including
Continental Drift and log distance dispersal.
Introduction
4. Molecular clocks help track evolutionary time- The base
sequences of some regions of DNA change at a2013
rate consistent
enough to allow dating of episodes in past
/ evolution. Other
genes change in a lesspredictable way.

Classification is linked to Phylogeny


5. Biologists use phylogenetic trees for many purposes,
including:
I. Testing hypotheses about evolution
II. Learning about the characteristics of extinct species and
ancestral lineages
Introduction
The connection between classification and phylogeny is that
hierarchical classification is reflected inthe progressively
2013 finer
branching of phylogenetic trees. The branching / patterns in some
cases matchthe hierarchical classification of groups nested within
more inclusive groups. In other situations, however, certain
similarities among organisms may lead taxonomists to place a
species within a groupof organisms (for example genus or family)
other than the group to which it is closely related. Ifsystematists
conclude that such mistake has occurred, the organism may be
reclassified (that is placedin a different genus or family) to
accurately reflect its evolutionary history.
Introduction

2013

/
Introduction

2013

/
2013

THANK
YOU!

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