DEVELOPMENTAL

STAGES IN
MIDDLE AND PERSONAL
DEVELOPMENT

LATE
ADOLESCENCE
 ERIKSON'S STAGES
OF DEVELOPMENT
Erik Erikson was an ego
psychologist who developed
one of the most popular and
influential theories of
development. While his theory
was impacted by psychoanalyst
Sigmund Freud’s work,
Erikson's theory centered on
psychosocial development
rather than
psychosexual development.
 ASPECTS OF MY DEVELOPMENT

PHYSICAL SELF INTELLECTUAL SELF

SPIRITUAL SELF EMOTIONAL SELF

CONTEXTUAL
SENSUAL SELF
SELF

NUTRITIONAL SELF INTERACTIONAL SELF

DESCIRBING
YOURSELF
INTELLECTU
AL SELF
• REASONING SKILL
• SOLVING PROBLEMS
• CREATIVITY
• KNOWLEDGE
• WISDOM
EMOTIONAL
SELF
YOUR OVERALL FEELINGS IN
DIFFERENT SITUATIONS.
SENSUAL
SELF
The sense your mostly
use – sight, hearing,
speaking, smelling and
touching.
INTERACTION
AL SELF
Description of your
strengths and
weaknesses in intimate
relationship,
relationships to your
family, friends, and
stranger or in social
settings.
NUTRITIONAL
SELF
 CONTEXTUA
L SELF
This could be in the
areas of maintenance of your
living
environment: reaction to light,
temperature, space, weather,
colors,
sound and seasons and your
impact on
the environment.
SPRITUAL
SELF
this could include
your feelings about yourself
COMMUNICATING WITH YOURSELF and
organized religion, reactions about your
spiritual connections to others, feelings
about your spiritual development and
history, and thought about your
metaphysical self.
INFANCY (0-1 YEAR TRUST VS
OLD) MISTRUST
•The child is utterly dependent upon adult caregivers
for everything they need to survive including food,
love, warmth, safety, and nurturing.
•If a caregiver fails to provide adequate care and love,
the child will come to feel that they cannot trust or
depend upon the adults in their life.
•If a child successfully develops trust, the child will feel
safe and secure in the world.
•Caregivers who are inconsistent, emotionally
unavailable, or rejecting contribute to feelings of
mistrust in the children under their care.
•Failure to develop trust will result in fear and a belief
that the world is inconsistent and unpredictable.
EARLY CHILDHOOD Autonomy vs.
Shame and
(1-3 YEARS OLD) Doubt
• Children are just starting to gain a little
independence. They are starting to
perform basic actions on their own and
making simple decisions about what
they prefer. By allowing kids to make
choices and gain control, parents and
caregivers can help children develop a
sense of autonomy.
•A child can become less autonomous
and develop feelings of shame and
doubt if they are not allowed to make
decisions on their own, have overly
controlling parents, have stressful events,
or even lack of support (Erikson, 1963).
PLAY STAGE (3-6 Initiative
YEARS) vs. Guilt
At this point in psychosocial
development, children begin to
assert their power and control
over the world through directing
play and other social interactions.
Children who are successful at this
stage feel capable and able to lead
others. Those who fail to acquire
these skills are left with a sense of
guilt, self-doubt, and lack of
initiative.
SCHOOL AGE (7-
11 YEARS OLD)

Industry vs.
Inferiority
•Through social interactions, children begin to develop a
sense of pride in their accomplishments and abilities.
•Children need to cope with new social and academic
demands. Success leads to a sense of competence, while
failure results in feelings of inferiority.
•Children who are encouraged and commended by parents
and teachers develop a feeling of competence and belief in
their skills. Those who receive little or no encouragement
from parents, teachers, or peers will doubt their abilities to
be successful.
ADOLESCENCE (12-
18 YEARS OLD)
Identity vs.
Confusion
•A supportive environment, encouragement of
creativity, recognition of effort, and freedom to
explore interests are all critical factors for a child to
succeed at the industry vs. inferiority stage
(Erikson, 1963).
•Failing to establish the capabilities and frame of
mind required for success in the industry versus
the inferiority stage can lead a child to experience
serious issues, including decreased self-confidence,
social troubles, and academic difficulties.
EARLY ADULTHOOD
(19-29 YEARS OLD)

Intimacy vs.
Isolation
•Establishing meaningful connections has a host of
positive implications for one’s emotional and
physical well-being, personal growth, and overall
life satisfaction. Intimacy paves the way to lead an
enriched life.
•Young adults need to form intimate, loving
relationships with other people. Success leads to
strong relationships, while failure results in
loneliness and isolation.
MIDDLE AGE (30-
65 YEARS OLD)

Generativity Vs.
Stagnation
Adults need to create or nurture things that will
outlast them, often by having children or creating a
positive change that benefits other people. Success
leads to feelings of usefulness and
accomplishment, while failure results in shallow
involvement in the world.
OLD AGE (65 ONWARDS)
Integrity vs. Despair
•At this point in development, people look back on
the events of their lives and determine if they are
happy with the life that they lived or if they regret
the things they did or didn't do.
•Those who are unsuccessful during this stage will
feel that their life has been wasted and may
experience many regrets. The person will be left
with feelings of bitterness and despair.