File Organisation Methods
Uploaded by
Winfred MbulaFile Organisation Methods
Uploaded by
Winfred MbulaFile organisation methods
File organisation is the arrangements of records within a
particular file.
There are four methods of storing files and retrieving
them from secondary storage devices.
Learning Areas
1 Sequential file
Organisation
Random File
2 Organisation
Serial File Organisation
3
4 Indexed-Sequential file
organisation.
Sequential file organisation
In this organisation records are stored and accessed in a
particular order sorted using key field. The key field is
used to search for a particurlar record. Searching
commences at the beginning of the file and proceeds to
the ‘tail’ of the file until the record is reached. Mainly used
with magnetic tapes.
Advantages of sequential file
Simple to understand the
approach.
Easy to organise, maintain and
understand.
Reading a record requires only
the key
field.
Inexpensive input/output media
and
devices are used.
Disadvantages of sequential
file
Entire file must be accessed even when
the activity rate is very low.
Random enquires are impossible to
handle.
Data redundancy is typically high.
Random or direct file
organisation
In this organisation records are stored randomly but
accessed directly. To access a file stored randomly, a
record key is used to determine where a record is
stored on the storage media. Used in magnetic and
optical disks.
Advantages of random or direct file
Records are quickly accessed.
File update is easily achieved.
They do not require the use of indexes.
Disadvantages of random or
direct file
Data may be accidentally erased or over written. Unless
special precaution taken.
Expensive hardware and software resources are required.
Relative complexity of programming.
System design around it is complex and costly.
Serial file organisation
The records are laid out
contiguously one after
the other in no particular
sequence. The records
are stored one after the
other in the same order
they come into the file
and there exists no
relationship between
contiguous records. Used
with magnetic tapes.
Indexed sequential file
organisation
This method is similar to sequential method, only
that an index is used to enable the computer to
locate individual records on the storage media. Used
with magnetic disk.
Advantages of Indexed sequential file
organisation
Records can be accessed sequentially or randomly.
Records are not duplicated.
Accessing of records can be fast if done randomly.
Disadvantages of Indexed sequential file
organisation
Storage medium is rather expensive.
Accessing records sequentially is time consuming.
Processing records sequentially may introduce
redundancy.
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