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7.Double Integration Method

The document discusses classical methods of structural analysis, focusing on statically indeterminate structures, which require additional relationships beyond equilibrium equations for analysis. It outlines the advantages, such as smaller stresses and greater stiffness, and disadvantages, including sensitivity to support settlements and temperature changes. Additionally, it introduces the double integration method for calculating deflections and slopes of beams, providing examples and problem-solving techniques.

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carlcoronel22
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7 views

7.Double Integration Method

The document discusses classical methods of structural analysis, focusing on statically indeterminate structures, which require additional relationships beyond equilibrium equations for analysis. It outlines the advantages, such as smaller stresses and greater stiffness, and disadvantages, including sensitivity to support settlements and temperature changes. Additionally, it introduces the double integration method for calculating deflections and slopes of beams, providing examples and problem-solving techniques.

Uploaded by

carlcoronel22
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Module No.

7 Part 1

Classical Methods of Structural


Analysis
INTRODUCTION
The support reactions and internal forces of statically determinate structures can be
determined from the equations of equilibrium (including equations of condition, if
any). However, since indeterminate structures have more support reactions and/or
members than required for static stability, the equilibrium equations alone are not
sufficient for determining the reactions and internal forces of such structures, and
must be supplemented by additional relationships based on the geometry of
deformation of structures.
EXTERNAL
REACTIONS
The analysis of an indeterminate structure involves, in addition to the
dimensions and arrangement of members of the structure, its cross-
sectional and material properties (such as cross-sectional areas,
moments of inertia, moduli of elasticity, etc.), which in turn, depend
on the internal forces of the structures.
ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGE OF INDETERMINATE STRUCTURES

The advantages of statically indeterminate structures over determinate structures


include the following.

1. Smaller Stresses The maximum stresses in statically indeterminate


structures are generally lower than those in comparable determinate
structures.

2. Greater Stiffnesses Statically indeterminate structures generally have higher


stiffnesses (i.e., smaller deformations), than those of comparable determinate
structures.

3. Redundancies Statically indeterminate structures, if properly designed, have the


capacity for redistributing loads when certain structural portions become
overstressed or collapse in cases of overloads due to earthquakes, tornadoes,
impact (e.g., gas explosions or vehicle impacts), and other such events
ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGE OF INDETERMINATE STRUCTURES

The main disadvantages of statically indeterminate structures, over


determinate structures, are the following.

1.Stresses Due to Support Settlements Support settlements do not cause any


stresses in determinate structures; they may, however, induce significant
stresses in indeterminate structures, which should be taken into account when
designing indeterminate structures.

2.Stresses Due to Temperature Changes and Fabrication Errors Like support


settlements, these effects do not cause stresses in determinate structures but
may induce significant stresses in indeterminate ones.
Classical Methods of Structural Analysis
for Statically Determinate Structures

Double Integration Method


(DIM)
DOUBLE
INTEGRATION
The double integration method is a powerful tool in solving deflection
and slope of a beam at any point because we will be able to get the
equation of the elastic curve.

In calculus, the radius of curvature of a curve y = f(x) is given by

In the derivation of flexure formula, the radius of curvature of a


beam is given as
DOUBLE
INTEGRATION
Deflection of beams is so small, such that the slope of the elastic
curve dy/dx is very small, and squaring this expression the value
becomes practically negligible, hence

If EI is constant, the equation may be


written as:
DOUBLE
INTEGRATION
where x and y are the coordinates shown in the figure of the elastic
curve of the beam under load, y is the deflection of the beam at any
distance x. E is the modulus of elasticity of the beam, I represent the
moment of inertia about the neutral axis, and M represents the
bending moment at a distance x from the end of the beam. The
product EI is called the flexural rigidity of the beam.

The first integration y' yields the slope of the elastic curve and the
second integration y gives the deflection of the beam at any distance
x. The resulting solution must contain two constants of integration
since EI y" = M is of second order. These two constants must be
evaluated from known conditions concerning the slope deflection at
certain points of the beam. For instance, in the case of a simply
supported beam with rigid supports, at x = 0 and x = L, the
deflection y = 0, and in locating the point of maximum deflection, we
simply set the slope of the elastic curve y' to zero.
DOUBLE INTEGRATION
Problem 1. Compute the value of EI δ at midspan for the beam
loaded as shown below. If E = 10 GPa, what value of I is required to
limit the midspan deflection to 1/360 of the span?
DOUBLE
INTEGRATION Note:

For the solution, you must create a cutting line that will
consider all external
forces to the left of it.

You must create a dummy load (Yellow) if the uniform


external force is not extended up to the created cutting
line.

Computation for the Reactions


DOUBLE
INTEGRATION Create the moment equation with respect to
the cutting line

Boundary
Condition:
DOUBLE
INTEGRATION
DOUBLE
INTEGRATION
Problem 2. For the beam loaded as shown, calculate the slope
of the elastic curve over the right
support.
DOUBLE
INTEGRATION Note:

For the solution, you must create a cutting line that


will consider all external forces to the left of it.

You must create a dummy load (Yellow) if the


uniform external
force is not extended up to the created cutting line.

Computation for the Reactions


DOUBLE
INTEGRATION Create the moment equation with respect to
the cutting line1

Boundary Condition:
DOUBLE
INTEGRATION
DOUBLE
INTEGRATION
Problem 3. Determine the value of EIy midway between the
supports for the beam loaded as shown below.
DOUBLE
INTEGRATION Create the moment equation with respect to the
cutting line

Computation for the Reactions

Boundary Condition:
DOUBLE
INTEGRATION
DOUBLE
INTEGRATION
PRACTICE PROBLEM
Compute the value of EI y at the right end of the overhanging
beam shown below

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