Educational Management

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COURSE DESCRIPTION
• Educational Management course offers a general
concept of the education principles and practices. It
covers the area like leadership, supervision,
organization dynamics, planning, and resources
management in education.
COURSE OBJECTIVES
By the end of this course the students are expected to:
• Understand the meaning and role of management in the context
of education.
• Develop leadership skills for effective educational management.
• Analyze organizational behavior in educational institutions.
• Create strategic plans for educational organization.
• Manage resources of educational organization effectively.
• Develop plans and policies that promote a positive learning
environment.
• Manage human resources in an educational institution.
COURSE OUTLINE
Chapter 1 – Introduction to educational Management
Chapter 2 – Leadership in education
Chapter 3 – Organizational behavior in education
Chapter 4 – Educational Supervision
Chapter 5 – Educational Organization
Chapter 6 – Resource and facility Management
Chapter 7 – Student and Personnel Management

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TEACHING METHODS
o Lecture, discussion, individual and group exercises, case study
analysis, videos and student presentations.
o Productive participation and discussion require that students
come prepared for each class meeting to explore the assigned
readings and case studies.
o Google classroom will be used for the course to share the
materials with students and submit student works.
COURSE EXPECTATIONS
• Discussion participation
• Attendance
• Assignment submissions
• Opinion respects
• Cooperative learning
• No plagiarism
ASSESSMENT
 Attendance – 10%.
 Activities and Assignments – 30%.
 Final Examination – 60%
 Chapter 1
Introduction to Educational Management

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Learning Objectives
By the end of this chapter you will be expected to:
• Describe basic concepts of educational management.
• Distinguish between educational management and
administration.
• Discuss the functions and importance of educational
management.
• Describe the characteristics of educational organization.
• Discuss the scope of educational management.
• Describe the major theories of educational management
Educational management and administration
Questions
1. What is management?
2. What is administration?
3. Distinguish between management and
administration?
4. What is educational management?

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 Educational management and administration
• Management is the process of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling
resources to achieve specific goals efficiently and effectively. (Robbins, S. P.
(2017).
• Management means to forecast and plan, to organize, to command, to
coordinate and control (Henri Fayol, 1916)
• Educational management involves the planning, organizing, directing, and
controlling of educational institutions to achieve educational goals and
objectives (Bush, T., & Glover, D. 2014).
• Administration is the process of planning and allocating resources for the
achievement of organizational goals.
• Educational administration is the process of overseeing and managing
educational institutions, including schools, colleges, and universities, to
ensure effective teaching and learning (Hoy, W. K., & Miskel, C. G. 2013).
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Area to
Management Administration
compare
Process of formulating of
Process of staffing towards
Definition broad objectives, plans and
achievement of goals.
policies.
Policy executing and Policy making, supervising
supervision of technical managers and budgeting.
Function
operation staff levels e.g.
teachers.
Teaching, learning and Guidelines, rules and
Emphasizes
their results. regulations
Applicable to Private sector Government organizations
Results More measurable Less measurable
Progressive, innovative, Legislative, determinative
Key person communicative and and decision maker. 12
• Organization is a system containing coordinated activities of group of people
with a planned unit structure to achieve specific goals.
• Educational organization refers to a group of individuals, in a given place,
coordinated for the purpose of imparting knowledge, skills, and attitudes to
students or pupils in order to achieve predetermined educational objectives
or goals.
•Characteristics
Educationaleducational
organizations include schools, colleges, universities, training
organizations
centers.
1. Clear goals – to provide quality education service.
3. Division of labor – teaching staff, non-teaching staff, and the students.
4. Technology – knowledge application levels to prepare students for the
digital age.
5. Power centers – power is derived from acts, laws, and statutes by
committees.
6. Community engagement – parents, stakeholders, partnerships and
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other communities.
Organization effectiveness and efficiency
• Organization effectiveness refers to the ability by which educational
organization achieves its goals and objectives such as offering quality
education, professional development and academic standard
improvement.
• Organization Efficiency refers to the optimal use of resources (time,
money, personnel) to achieve desired outcomes, maximizing output while
minimizing input (cost-benefit analysis).

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Functions of Educational Management
Six basic functions to achieve the goals and objectives of the
educational organization.
1. Planning: formulation of policies, goals, and objectives in a given
school.
2. Organizing: procuring the resources necessary for the achievement
of the objectives.
3. Leading: is the act influencing and stimulating the human resources
to provide an appropriate environment to staff and students to
achieve educational objectives.
4. Integrating: to coordinate the school and its activities into the set-up
of society.
5. Controlling: to asses the school’s activities in accordance with the
predetermined educational goals and objectives.
6. Evaluating: to make judgments about the value of the results of 15
Scope of educational management
Scope of educational management is broad as history, theories,
roles and responsibilities of educational manager as well as
managerial skills.
1. Strategic Planning
2. Quality assurance
3. Curriculum development
4. Motivation
5. Managing change.
6. Problem solving
7. Creativity
8. Infrastructure and environment.
9. Maintenance of records.
10.Financing and budgeting.
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What is the importance of educational management?

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What is the importance of educational management?
1. It helps to make qualitative changes in educational systems.
2. It facilitates expansion and diversification of educational
institutions.
3. Specifies the authority, responsibility and relationship of
members.
4. It encourages the members achieve the organizational goals.
5. It minimizes wastage of resources.
6. It helps to ensure good working environment in an educational
institution.
7. It helps in the evaluation of the students as well as members of
the staff.
8. It helps in the financing and budgeting of educational institutions.
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What factors affect educational
management?
1.Extension of educational institution due to population.
2.Quality and competence of teachers and administrative staff (Human
resource).
3.Physical resources and infrastructure.
4.Governance and leadership.
5.Increasing cost of education.
6.External environment including social, economic, cultural, and political
factors.
7.Science and technology.
8.Student diversity of varying needs, abilities, and backgrounds.
9.Regular assessment and evaluation of student performance, teacher
effectiveness, and overall institutional progress.
10.Collaboration with various stakeholders, including students, parents,19
THEORIES OF EDUCATIONAL
MANAGEMENT

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Theories of educational management
1. Scientific Management Theory: by Frederick W. Taylor, focuses on
the efficient application of scientific principles to improve productivity.
Advantages
• Efficient goal achievement.
• Increased consistency (less errors).
• Clear duties and responsibilities (Guidelines).
• Use of financial incentives to motivate employee.
Disadvantages
• Only focuses on task efficiency but
neglects human factors.
• Decreased job satisfaction (Due to lack of
flexibility).
• Employee resistance due to lack of
consideration.
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Theories of educational management
2. Human Relations Management Theory: by Elton Mayo, emphasizes
the significance of human relationships and social interactions in the
workplace..
Advantages
• Improves student teacher relations-ship.
• Increases teachers motivation and job satisfaction.
• Enhances the students achievement.
• Emphasizes effective communication and collaboration.
Disadvantages
• Prioritize relationships and neglects the accountability.
• Time and resource required to implement human relations approach.
• Conflict of interest and subjective decision making can arise.

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Theories of educational management
3. Administrative Management Theory: by Henri Fayol, focuses on the
principles management. The theory emphasizes the roles and responsibilities
of administrators in educational organizations.
Advantages
• Clear principles with decision making actions and job description
• Provides effective managerial functions
• Universally applicable to any type of organizations
• Easier accountability due to the clear organization structure
Disadvantages
• Overemphasis of hierarchy (top to down approach) and overlook staff
potential.
• Lacks flexibility due to standardization of procedures.
• Lacks cultural sensitivity.
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Theories of educational management
4. Contingency Management Theory: by Fred Fiedler,
suggests that there is no one best way to manage educational
organizations, as the most effective approach depends on various
contextual factors.
Advantages
• Adapts different situations with appropriate leaderships
• Flexibility styles for situational factors.
• Encourages trainings and professional development.
Disadvantages
• Complex and requires understanding of situational factors.
• No proper guidance.
• Limited or no precise predictions.

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Theories of educational management
5. Transformational Leadership Management Theory: by James Mac Gregor
Burns (1978), focuses on the idea that effective leaders inspire their followers to
achieve performance.
Advantages
• Motivates the flowers to achieve the predetermined goals
• Enhances staff and student engagement due the individual consideration
• Stimulates the creativity and innovation of the followers
• Builds up teamwork and collaboration.
Disadvantages
• Depends on visionary and charismatic leaders – not effective when leader is
absent
• Overemphasis of vision and lack of critical analysis.
• Requires time and energy for leader to establish relationships with flowers

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